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movement science > TMJ + posture > Flashcards

TMJ + posture Flashcards

1
Q

where do the condyles sit

A

mandibular fossa

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2
Q

what 2 structures surround the mandibular fossa

A

postglenoid tubercle
articular eminence

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3
Q

why is TMJ an ‘atypical’ synovial

A

surfaces are covered in fibrocartilage

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4
Q

deep layer fibers of fibrocartilage go __(parallel/perpendicular)___ to bony surface

A

perpendicular
(helps withstand stress)

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5
Q

superficial layer fibers of fibrocartilage go __(parallel/perpendicular)___ to bony surface

A

parallel
(helps with sliding)

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6
Q

where does the temporalis muscle attach

A

coronoid process

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7
Q

inferior TMJ function vs superior TMJ function

A

inf = hinge joint (rolling posterior during opening)

sup = plane joint (sliding anterior during opening)

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8
Q

which part of the disc is not innervated and not vascularized

A

anterior band
intermediate zone

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9
Q

what is the “open-packed” position of the TMJ?

A

mouth slightly opened, at rest

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10
Q

articular disc is made up of 3 things

A

collagen
proteoglycans
elastin

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11
Q

3 structures the articular disc of TMJ attaches to

A

medial/lateral poles of mandible condyle
lateral pterygoid anteriorly
bilaminar retorodiscal pad posteriorly

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12
Q

which part of the disc is vascularized and innervated

A

posterior band

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13
Q

3 ligaments of TMJ

A

TM joint
stylomandibular ligament
sphenomandibular ligament

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14
Q

which direction is the TMJ strongest

A

lateral

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15
Q

TM ligament resists (oblique/horizontal parts)….

A

oblique = limits downward + posterior motion/rotation

horizontal (inner) = resist posterior motion of condyle

MOST IMPORTANT FOR STABILITY

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16
Q

stylomandibular ligament resists….

A

protrusion (weakest tho)

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17
Q

sphenomandibular ligament resists …

A

forward translation (protrusion?)

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18
Q

osteokinematic motions of TMJ (6)

A

depression
elevation
protrusion
retrusion
L lateral deviation
R lateral deviation

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19
Q

arthrokinematic movements of TMJ

A

rolling
anterior slide
distraction
lateral glide

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20
Q

normal depression ROM in TMJ (fingers test and mm value)

A

40-50mm
2 fingers = functional
3 fingers = normal

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21
Q

2 movements of TMJ

A
  1. posterior roll of mandible
  2. anterior slide of condyle
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22
Q

t/f: there is no active contraction of the superior lateral pterygoid in TMJ depression

A

true, the inferior fibers may help but gravity does most of the work

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23
Q

is the depression of TMJ more passive or active

A

passive due to gravity

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24
Q

what structures help elevation of TMJ passively

A

elasticity of superior retrodisc lamina
sphenomandibular ligament

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25
Q

what muscle eccentrically contracts to control posterior gliding and rotation of condyle in TMJ elevation

A

superior lateral pterygoid

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26
Q

what 3 muscles are involved in TMJ elevation

A

superior lateral pterygoid
masseter
temporalis

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27
Q

in jaw protrusion, is the superior joint or inferior joint more involved

A

SUPERIOR

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28
Q

retrusion is limited by which ligament

A

TM ligament

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29
Q

functional screen of lateral excursion

A

see if mandible can move full width of one of central incisors (one of the front 2 teeth)

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30
Q

in lateral excursion…

ipsilateral mandibular condyle spins around a ____ axis
vs
contralateral mandibular condyle translates _____

A

ipsi = vertical
contra = anteriorly

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31
Q

S vs C curve indications

A

C = one joint is not moving enough

S = poor muscle movement control

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32
Q

cranial nerves involved with jaw movement

A

CN5, 7, 12

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33
Q

deflection

A

mandible moves away from midline during depression or protrusion

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34
Q

muscles of TMJ depression

A

digastric + suprahyoids
lower lateral pterygoid

GRAVITY is the biggest depressor

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35
Q

muscles of TMJ elevation

A

temporalis
masseter
medial pterygoid
superior lateral pterygoid

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36
Q

muscles of TMJ protrusion

A

bilateral action of..
masseter
medial pterygoid
lateral pterygoid

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37
Q

muscles of TMJ retrusion

A

bilateral action of…
temporalis
assisted by anterior digastric

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38
Q

muscles of TMJ lateral deviation

A

unilateral, contralateral contraction of medial and lateral pterygoids

temporalis ipsilateral

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39
Q

secondary muscles of TMJ (4)

A

digastric muscle (anterior belly)
mylohyoid
stylohyoid
geniohyoid

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40
Q

2 deep cervical flexors

A

longus colli
longus capitus

41
Q

longus colli functions bi/unilaterally

A

bi = neck flexion
uni = side bend with contralateral rotation

42
Q

longus capitus funciton bi/unilaterally

A

bi = neck flexion
uni = side bend with ipsilateral rotation

43
Q

omohyoid links hyoid to which boney structure

44
Q

which joint in the upper cervical spine is involved with TMJ

45
Q

Maximal Intercuspation

A

teeth are approximated occlusion position

46
Q

what is a normal ‘freeway space’ in resting position between upper and lower teeth

47
Q

what is the most common cause of capsulitis and synovitis in TMJ

A

rheumatoid arthritis

48
Q

capsular fibrosis

A

overproduction of connective tissue
leads to loss of tissue function + elicitation of pain

49
Q

articular disc displacement with reduction

A

clicking during depression and elevation

later the click –> more severe the dislocation

50
Q

articular disc displacement without reduction

A

no clicking
pain with chewing, talking, yawning
posterior attachments overstretches + unable to relocate

51
Q

where is COM when sitting

A

just below axilla

52
Q

vision helps regulate what type of postural adjustment

A

anticipatory postural adjustment (APA)

53
Q

3 main senses for balance and posture

A

vision
vestibular
somatosensory

54
Q

most sway is observed in ___ direction

A

AP (anterior posterior)

55
Q

anticipatory synergy adjustments (ASA) occur how many ms before planned movement

A

~250-300ms

56
Q

ground reaction force (GRF)

A

force produced by ground in stance or during gate

57
Q

joint reaction force (JRF)

A

occur at the joint as result of combined internal and external forces

58
Q

center of pressure

A

represents a sum of all contact pressures in a single point of application

59
Q

______ is used as a predictor for motor and cognitive development in infants/children

A

postural control

60
Q

optimal posture defined in internal/external moment arms

A

internal moments are MINIMIZED by having external moments as SMALL as possible

61
Q

optimal posture varies based on (4 things)

A

height
age
weight
gender

62
Q

line of gravity posture through the body

A

anterior to ear
anterior to acromion
midline of ilium
middle of greater troch
anterior to knee joint (posterior to patella)
anterior to lateral malleoli

63
Q

pelvic incidence

A

line from hip axis to midpoint of sacral endplate

64
Q

sacral slope

A

angle creased by a line drawn parallel to sacral endplate (SI region) from the horizontal plane line

65
Q

pelvic tilt

A

angle between horizontal plane line and line drawn between PSIS and ASIS

66
Q

line of gravity in head

A

ear in line with clavicle
just anterior to C2

67
Q

alignment of eyes to ears

A

angled slightly above the ear

68
Q

line of gravity through the hip

A

anterior to sacrum
posterior to femoral head

69
Q

forward headed posture ___(increases/decreases)___ freeway space

A

decreases!! the jaw protrudes more

70
Q

line of gravity through the knee

A

anterior to condyle
posterior to patella

71
Q

line of gravity through the ankle

A

anterior to lateral malleolus

72
Q

what muscle in the lower leg is considered a key postural stabilizer

73
Q

4 common sitting postures

A

active erect sitting
relaxed erect posture
slumped sitting
slouched sitting

74
Q

meaning of “positive effects” from altered postures

A

protective; acute injuries

75
Q

meaning of “detrimental” effects from altered postures

A

compensatory; chronic conditions

76
Q

how is scoliosis named

A

direction and location of convexity

77
Q

how is scoliosis three-dimensional

A

lateral bend with a rotation!!

78
Q

hyperkyphosis is associated with

A

vertebral compression fractures

79
Q

spondylosis

A

reduction of intervertebral disc heights and hypertrophy of facets/capsules/ligaments

80
Q

spondylolistesis

A

superior vertebral body slips anterior to vertebra below it

81
Q

forward head posture

A

upper cervical extension
lower cervical flexion
forward shoulders

82
Q

hyperkyphosis

A

very rounded thoracic spine

83
Q

swayback posture

A

increased lumbar lordosis and thoracic kyphosis

84
Q

genu valgum

A

knock knees

85
Q

genu varum

86
Q

genu recurvatum

A

hyperextension of knee over 10 degrees

87
Q

pes planus

A

pronated/flat foot

88
Q

pes cavus

A

supinated/high arch

89
Q

hemiparesis

A

weakness or paralysis on one side of the body

90
Q

Talipes Calcaneovalgus

A

their foot and ankle excessively bent up, where the toes are usually touching the shin

91
Q

Talipes Equinovarus

A

“club foot”
foot is twisted inward and downward

92
Q

metatarsus adductus

A

the front half of the foot (forefoot) turns inward

93
Q

claw toe

A

the toes curl downward

94
Q

mallet toe

A

DIP is hanging down

95
Q

hammer toe

A

PIP hyperflexion
DIP hyperextension

96
Q

what are the 2 movements the TMJ needs to do to open the jaw?

A
  1. mandibular condyle rolls POSTERIOR in the inferior TMJ disc
  2. it then slides ANTERIORLY with with the help of the superior TMJ disc
97
Q

c curve movement

A

mandible moves away from midline when opening and then DOES NOT COME BACK TO CENTER

98
Q

s curve movement

A

mandible moves away from midline when opening BUT THEN COMES BACK TO CENTER BY END ROM

movement science (6 decks)

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