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MSI - Post Midterms > TMJ > Flashcards

TMJ Flashcards

1
Q

Where is the Pterygoid fossa of the mandible?

A
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2
Q

Where is the Coronoid process of the mandible?

A
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3
Q

Where is the Mylohyoid line
of the mandible?

A
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4
Q

Where is the Mylohyoid line
of the mandible?

A
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5
Q

Where is the Digastric fossa
of the mandible

A
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6
Q

What are the two parts of the Mandibular fossa? What bone is it on?

A

Dome & Articular eminence, Temporal

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7
Q

Where is the Postglenoid tubercle?

A
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8
Q

Does the Sphenoid contribute to the structure of the TMJ?

A

No, Bony prominences serve as muscle attachments:
Medial pterygoid plate
Lateral pterygoid plate

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9
Q

What are the 2 joint cavities of the TMJ

A

Superior joint cavity & Inferior joint cavity

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10
Q

In which direction is the mandibular condyle longer?

A

M/L length > AP length

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11
Q

What are the poles of the Mandibular condyle?

A

Medial and lateral poles

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12
Q

What is the mandibular condyle covered in? What is its significance

A

fibrocartilage, able to absorb loads and transmit forces better than hyaline cartilage also has a greater capacity for healing

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13
Q

What part of the mandibular fossa is articular?

A

Anterior

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14
Q

What part of the mandibular fossa is non-articular?

A

Superior and posterior, very thin

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15
Q

What is the articular disc made of?

A

Fibrocartilage

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16
Q

What is the articular disc function?

A

Congruency, stability (guides condyle)

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17
Q

What is the neurovascular supply of the articular disc?

A

Poor, exception around the periphery

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18
Q

What are the attachments of the articular this?

A

Posteriorly: Retrodiscal lamina, Inferiorly:
Mandibula condyle,
Superiorly:
articular eminence, Anteriorly:
superior head of lateral pterygoid
muscle

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19
Q

What are the regions of the articular disc?

A

Anterior, posterior, intermediate,

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20
Q

What are the attachments of the Anterior region of the Articular disc

A

Several attachments: anterior superior neck, tendon of superior head of lat. Pterygoid, temporal bone anterior to articular eminence

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21
Q

What are the attachments of the Posterior region of the Articular disc of the TMJ

A

Attaches to retrodiscal laminae
Superior lamina- tympanic plate
Inferior lamina- superior neck of mandible with capsule of TMJ
Space above and below lamina

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22
Q

What is the thinnest region of the articular disc?

A

Intermediate

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23
Q

What is the fibrous capsule?

A

Fibrous capsule
Outer fibrous portion and inner synovial lining
Role: Support TMJ

24
Q

How is the fibrous capsule asymmetrically tight?

A

It is tighter in the medial lateral direction than the superior and inferior direction

25
Q

What is the lateral ligament?

A
26
Q

What is the primary reinforcement to the TMG?

A

Lateral ligament

27
Q

What is the function of the lateral ligament of the TMJ?

A

Stabilize the joint laterally
Guide movement of the condyle during opening
If torn disc can migrate medially

28
Q

What are the accessory ligaments of the TMJ?

A

Stylomandibular ligament
Sphenomandibular ligament

29
Q

What is the function of this accessory ligaments of the TMJ?

A

Both medial to the joint capsule and help to suspend the mandible from the cranium

30
Q

What are theThree primary osteokinematic motions of the TMJ?

A

Depression & Elevation
Protrusion & Retrusion
Lateral excursion

31
Q

Movement of the mandible involves what kind of action?

A

BILATERAL action

32
Q

With are the two Arthrokinematic motions at the TMJ?

A

Rotation condyle rotates relative to inferior disc
Translation condyle and disc slide on articular eminence together

33
Q

What is the range of mandible depression and elevation?

A

ROM = 45-50mm
Full: 3 fingers (PIP)
Functional range = 18mm (chewing)

34
Q

What is the first phase of the Arthrokinematics of depression?

A

Early
Involves primarily rotation
Lower joint cavity
Convex condyle on concave disc
Body of mandible moves inferior and posterior

35
Q

What is the Second phase of the Arthrokinematics of TMJ depression?

A

Late
primary translation
Upper joint cavity
Condyle and disc slide together anteriorly and inferiorly along articular eminence

36
Q

How are the AKs of elevation different from depression?

A

Reverse arthrokinematics of opening: translation first, followed by rotation
Tension in the retrodiscal lamina is critical for retraction of the disc and helps to initiate the early translational phase of closing

37
Q

What are the anterior posterior movements of the TMJ called?

A

Protrusion
Translation of the mandible anteriorly without much rotation
ROM limited by?

Retrusion
Translation of the mandible posteriorly

38
Q

What is the side to side movement of the TMJ known as?

A

Lateral Excursion
Side to side translation of the mandible
Disc and condyle slide together within fossa

39
Q

Which condyle serves as a fixed pivot in lateral excursion?

A

Ipsilateral condyle serves as fixed pivot

40
Q

What is the ROM of lateral excursion of the TMJ?

A

ROM = 11 mm

41
Q

What are the muscles of mastication?

A

Masseter
Temporalis
Medial Pterygoid
Lateral Pterygoid

42
Q

What is the innervation of the muscles of mastication?

A

mandibular division of the trigeminal nerve

43
Q

What are the insertions of the masseter muscle?

A

Zygomatic arch to external surface of the ramus and angle of the mandible

44
Q

What are the actions of the masseter muscle?

A

Bilaterally: elevate and slight protrusion of mandible
Unilaterally: ipsilateral lateral excursion
What position is this ability maximized?

45
Q

What are the insertions of the temporalis muscle?

A

Temporal fossa passing beneath zygomatic arch inserting on the coronoid process and to medial surface of the mandible

46
Q

What are the actions of the temporalis muscle?

A

Bilaterally: elevate mandible; posterior fibers retrude
Unilaterally: slight ipsilateral excursion of mandible

47
Q

What are the insertions of the medial pterygoid?

A

Medial aspect of the lateral pterygoid plate (deep head) and the posterior aspect of the maxilla medial aspect of the ramus and angle of the mandible

48
Q

What are the actions of the medial pterygoid?

A

Action
Bilaterally: elevate and protrude mandible
Unilaterally: contralateral excursion

49
Q

Functional Interaction: Masseter & Medial Pterygoid in simultaneous contaction?

A

Muscles form a functional sling around the angle of the mandible
Simultaneous contraction powerful biting force

50
Q

Functional Interaction: Masseter & Medial Pterygoid for grinding?

A

Synergistic action of ipsilateral masseter and contralateral medial pterygoid

51
Q

What are the insertions of the lateral pterygoid?

A

Superior head: greater wing of sphenoid medial wall of joint capsule, medial side of articular disc and pterygoid fossa
Inferior head: lateral surface of lateral pterygoid plate neck of mandible and pterygoid fossa

52
Q

What are the actions of the lateral pterygoid?

A

Bilaterally: strong protrusion
Unilaterally:
contralateral excursion of mandible
Ipsilateral antero-medial rotation of the condyle
Superior head- eccentric control of disc tension with resisted closing
Inferior head-depressor (resisted)

53
Q

How do the suprahyoid and infrahyoid muscles assist the muscles of mastication?

A

Transmits forces directly or indirectly to the mandible
Suprahyoids can assist with depression of the mandible

54
Q

What is involved in the muscular control of opening?

A

Gravity
Contraction of inferior head of lateral pterygoid & suprahyoid muscles
Synergistic action produces rotation
Disc and condyle slide anteriorly in late opening
Disc pulled by:
Translating condyle
Increased intra-articular pressure created by activation of inferior head of lateral pterygoid

55
Q

What is involved in the muscular control of closing the TMJ?

A

Forceful: masseter, temporalis and medial pterygoid
Superior head of lateral pterygoid eccentrically contracts to stabilize the disc and neck of the mandible to optimize the position of the disc between the condyle and articular eminence

56
Q

How does upper cervical posture effect the TMJ joint?

A

Posture of the head and neck can significantly alter TMJ biomechanics and stresses
Mandibular position
Muscular stresses
Joint loading

MSI - Post Midterms (5 decks)

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