Hip and Pelvis Flashcards
What is the innominate formed from?
3 bones of the pelvis: Illium, Ischium, and Pubis
What are the important features of the ilium?
gluteal lines, ASIS, AIIS, PSIS, PIIS, iliac crest, iliac fossa
What are the important features of the Ischium?
ischial spine, greater and lesser sciatic notch, ischial tuberosity
What are the important features of the pubis?
superior pubic ramus, body, crest, pectineal line, pubic symphysis, inferior pubic ramus
What is the acetabular orientation? And what is it’s goal?
Acetabular orientation
Lateral
Inferior
Slightly anterior (20º)
Goal: provide OPTIMAL femoral head coverage
What part of the acetabulum is nonarticular?
Acetabular fossa
What part of the acetabulum is non-articular?
Acetabular fossa
What is the purpose of the acetabular labrum?
Stability: deepens and seals
What is the femoral head covered with?
Articular cartilage
What attaches to the fovea capitis
ligament of head of femur (ligamentum teres)
What is the orientation of the femoral head?
slightly anteriorly, medially and superiorly
What is the position of the femoral shaft prior to 8 weeks in utero?
abducted, flexed and laterally rotated position (relative to neck)
What is the position of the lowers limbs after 8 weeks in utero? What is this for?
After week 8: lower limbs adduct and medially rotate
Parallel position of LE in erect stance
Brings condyles anteriorly
What is the Angle of inclination?
Angle through femoral head/neck and shaft
NORM = 125° (± 5°)
What does the angle of inclination start out as after birth?
165°
What is coxa valga
Angle of inclination > 125°
What is coxa vara?
Angle of inclination < 125°
What are the resultant stresses of coxa valga?
Valga = < bending < MA of abductors
What are the resultant stresses of coxa vara?
Vara = > bending > MA of abductors
What is the angle of torsion and what are its norms?
Medially rotated position of distal femoral condyles and shaft in relation to the head and neck (in utero)
Axis through femoral head/neck and DISTAL femoral condyles
NORM = 15-20°
What is anteversion? What degrees and what stresses does it cause?
Anteversion > 20°
Changes in:
IR>ER ratio
Comprises Hip stability
Stresses on distal joints
What is a toeing in gait compensation for?
Excessive anteversion, knee MR to improve coverage of femoral head
What can lateral tibial torsion be a result of?
Compensation from toeing in gait: Keeps feet straight in stance, but still has underlying excessive anteversion
What is retroversion? What degrees and what stresses does it cause?
Retroversion <15°
Implicated with FAI (femoral acetabular impingement) & labral pathology
Over-coverage!