Titration MCAT Flashcards
what is the PI MCAT question
PI is when the PH is equal to zero
Log x^n
nlogx
log10^x
x
nonlograthimic values
n X 10^-m
n is number between 1 to 10
use log rule log (XY) = log x + log y
so its - log ( n x 10^-M) as -log(n)-log 10^-m
-log (n)-log (10^-M)
note that n is a number between 1 and 10 and its logarthim will be a fraction beetween 0 and 1
log 1=0 nd log 10=1
what is the log 1 to 10 are
log 1=0 log 2=.301 log3=.477 log4=.601 log 5=.701 log 6=.78 log7..845 log8=.90 log 9=.95 log10=1
what are commonly strong acid and strong bases on mcat
HCL hydroclhoris and hydrobromic and hyroiodi and H2SO4
HNO3 nitric acid
HCLO4 perchloric
strong bases
NaOH and KOH
soluble hyroxides of group 1A and IIA
what is the intensity of ka MCAT PROne will be on the MCAT
the smaller the KA the weaker the acid the bigger the ka the stronger the acid the less it will dissociate
Kb intensity
smaller the kb the weaker the base
MCAT prone !!!!! defintely on mcat what ka and kb
ka is less than 1 and kb ls less than 1 and amines on mcat is almost always weak bases
square root of 3.6 x10^-5
6.0 x10^-3 square 36 and 10^-6
mcat concept neutralization reaction
acid base react with each oher forming salt
and sometimes a water
HA+BOH»>BA +H20
salt may precipitate or remaiin ionize in solution depending on solubiltiy
neutralization generally go into completion
reverse reaction in which salt ion react with water give back he acid or base is known as hydrolysis
strong acid + strong base HCL+NAOH»_space;>NaCL+h20
weak acid + strong base HCLO+NaOH»»NaCLO+H20
the products of a reaction betwen equal concentration of a strong acid and strong base are salt and water
acid and base neutralize each other so the resulting solution is nuetral ph=7
The concept the producto of a reacion between a strong acid and weak base is also a salt but oftern no water is formed because weak bases are usually not hydroxide
however the cation of the salt will react with water solvent reforming the weak bases
for example
what is a lewis acid and a lewis base
lewis acid is electron pair acceptor and lewis base is electron pair donor
lewis acid and bases is the broades sense of an acid or base and lewis acid is a bronsted and arrenheius acid also
but they are some substance that qualify as a lewis acid but not and bronsted acid
what are the most common lewis acid and lewis bases on the MCAT
AMines NH3 and Phosphines PH3 or PR3
with their lone pair of elecron are frequently used
Trivalent Boron and alumium compunds are freququently used as lewis acids because of their vacant P-ortbital
NH3: (dontates electrons to ) BH3»»»> to yeild NH3 -BH3
Lewis bases are sometimes referred to as ligands when used in conjuction with transition metal as they donate electron pairs to form bonds
what is a strong acid and what is strong bases and weak acid and bases
Strong acid is one with dissocation equalibrum is entirely to the right it tend to fully dissociatie in aqueous solution and dramtically increast H+ and lower -OH
and the reverse rxn does not occur to any appreciable degree and the resulting solution contains no appreciable amount of orginal acid
HIGH YEILD what strong acids are likely to arise on the MCAT
what are strong bases
HCL hyrochloric hyrobromic hyroiodic nitric HNO3 perchloric acid HCLo4 and sulfric acid
HCL, HBR, HI, HNO3 ,HCLO4 and H2SO4
with the strong bases dissociation lies entirely to right so OH concentration deramtically increase H+ dramatically decreases the reverse reaction does not cocur to any appreciatble degree and the resulting solution contains no significant quantiy of the orginal bases
Strong bases that likely to be on the MCAT
lithium hydroxide (LIOH2) sodium Hydroxide (NaOH) , potassium hyroxide (KOH) rubidumb hyroxide (RbOH) , amide ion (NH2-) and Hydride ion (H-)
