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ESA4 > Tissues of the Body > Flashcards

Tissues of the Body Flashcards

1
Q

Define Tissue

A

A collection of cells specialised to perform a specific function

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2
Q

4 types of tissue

A

Epithelial, connective, muscle, nervous

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3
Q

Define biopsy

A

Remove piece of tissue from organ/body part, for microscopic examination

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4
Q

What type of biopsy for cervical cancer?

A

smear

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5
Q

Biopsy for endometrial lining?

A

Curettage

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6
Q

Biopsy for brain

A

Needle

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7
Q

Biopsy for heart

A

Transvascular

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8
Q

Biopsy for skin?

A

Direct incision

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9
Q

Biopsy for gut

A

Endoscope

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10
Q

Why fix tissues before using microscope?

A 
Preserves structure (by forming cross links), prevents autolysis.
Use formaldehyde, may have artefacts
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11
Q

Under a microscope, mucus in goblet cells is visible as a magenta colour.
Which stain was used?

A

Periodic-Acid-Schiff

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12
Q

Which two stains are used to visualise elastic fibres?

A

Weigert’s Elastin and Elastic van Gieson

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13
Q

H&E stain, what stains what?

A

Haemotoxylin - Acidic components such as nucleolus and DNA purple/blue

Eosin - Basic components such as ECM pink

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14
Q

Whats the point of phase contrast and differential interference contrast microscopy?

A

Can visualise living cells

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15
Q

Confocal microscopes use…

A

Fluorescent probes

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16
Q

Types of simple ‘Epithelia’

A

simple squamous - kera: skin, non-kera: vagina
simple cuboidal - pancreatic duct, thyroid follicles
simple columnar - gall bladder, crypts of Lieberkuhn
pseudostratified - epididymis, trachea

17
Q

Types of stratified epithelia

A

Squa, cub, colum, transitional

18
Q

What is epithelia?

A

Sheets of contiguous cells with varied embryonic origins. Covers external surfaces and internal linings.

19
Q

Example of epithelia derived from ectoderm

A

Corneal epithelium, skin

20
Q

Example of epithelia derived from mesoderm

A

Endothelium and mesothelium, i.e. blood vessels, lymph vessels, pleura, genitourinary tract

21
Q

Example of epithelia derived from endoderm

A

Respiratory tract, gastrointestinal tract, liver, glands

22
Q

Define basement membrane and describe its structure

A

Thin, flexible, acellular layer between epithelial cells and connective tissue.
Epithelial cells lay down basal lamina, and the subtending connective tissue lays down the reticular fibres, hence can vary thickness of basement membrane.

23
Q

The epiglottis is an interesting structure in terms of its epithelia. What is so special about it?

A

One side is stratified squamous cells, the other is pseudostratified cells

24
Q

Where do we find umbrella-like cells that stretch and recoil?

A

Urothelium, and also blood vessels with connective tissue

25
Q

Rate of renewal of epidermis

A

28 days

26
Q

Rate of renewal of intestinal cells

A

4-6 days

27
Q

What is Marfan Syndrome?

A

A genetic disorder (Auto dom) in the fibrillin gene. Fibrillin is a glycoprotein found in microfibrils of extracellular matrix found in connective tissue. This makes the connective tissue of affected individuals abnormal, resulting in a number of peculiar symptoms: Tall, thin stature, flexible joints, scoliosis, and risk of aortic tear.

28
Q

List 4 types of connective tissue

A

Proper, adipose, bone, blood

29
Q

What are three features common to all connective tissue?

A

1) Originate from mesenchymal cells
2) Have different degrees of blood flow
3) Mostly extra-cellular matrix (non-living)

30
Q

What is ground substance?

A

Amorphous gel-like substance, with proteoglycans. These have protruding glycosaminoglycans that together form a structure that somewhat resembles a brush with bristles, and traps water.

31
Q

Most common loose connective tissue and where it is found

A

Areolar. (Has few fibroblasts, with a little elastic/collagen fibres here and there).
Superficial fascia

32
Q

Reticular connective tissue

A

Like areolar but with reticular fibres (instead of elastin/collagen). Found in stroma of organs.

33
Q

Dense connective tissue types

A

1) Regular - collagen in parallel, tendons, ligaments and aponeurosis
2) Irregular - collagen in random arrangement, dermis of skin and deep fascia
3) Dense elastic - Increased elasticity vs rigidity. Vertebrae joints.

34
Q

Types of cartilage

A

Hyaline, Elastic, Fibro

Nose, Ears, Vertebrae

ESA4 (5 decks)

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