Tissues Lecture Flashcards
Identify each of the four basic tissues in light microscope images from their defining histological characteristics.
Epithelia - Covers surfaces and separates compartments (appears to be in a large block/squareish structure)
Connective - Connects together stuff in the body (In lines kinda looks like stuff used for marbling in water)
Muscle - Contractile, Long thin cells, Cytoplasm of cells packed with contractile apparatus, Shorten lengths, close down spaces, Skeletal, smooth, cardiac muscle. All very line covered ranging from very ordered and looking like ribbed plastic tubing to wavy lined
Nerve - Communication, Neurons + support cells, Receives, generates and transmits electrical signals Integrates information. Possesses neuronal function, plasma membrane electrical signal generation and neurons in 4 regions. Looks like a big blob and a spider web around it.
State at least one specific site in the body in which each type of basic tissue is found normally and explain its presence there.
Epithelium - Cilia in the trachea, to move microbes and debris up and out of the airways.
Connective - Meninges dura mater (fibrous) lines the skull used to protect your CNS (central nervous system) from trauma injury to your brain
(smooth) Muscle - It is in the stomach and intestines where it helps with digestion and nutrient collection. It is found throughout the urinary system where it functions to help rid the body of toxins and works in electrolyte balance.
Nerve - Nervous tissue is found in the brain, spinal cord, and nerves. It is responsible for coordinating and controlling many body activities.
Define ‘exocrine’ and ‘endocrine’ glands and state examples of both types.
- Exocrine (exit) (secrete into tubes)(typically releases substances through a duct or opening to a body surface) e.g. Mucous glands of trachea (Secretion rich in proteoglycans) or exocrine pancreas (serous- watery and enzyme rich)
- Endocrine (inside) (secrete into blood).e.g. Pancreatic Islets
Describe the different mechanisms of glandular secretion.
Exocrine secretion = 1. particles float off and are secreted (nose) 2. Pinched off portion of cell (breast) 3. Disintegrating cell and its contents (Below the skin)
Endocrine secretion = Particles are secreted by the cells into the blood e.g. pancreatic islets.
Briefly describe the matrix, fibre and cellular components of connective tissue and explain the function of each.
The extracellular matrix of both loose and dense connective tissue proper is composed of amorphous ground substance, extracellular fluid, collagen and elastic fibers. The amorphous ground substance is a gelatinous material surrounding the fibers and permitting extracellular fluid to diffuse through.
The collagen and elastic fibers of connective tissue proper are histologically distinguishable as three fiber types: collagen, reticular, and elastic fibers
All forms of connective tissue are composed of (1) extracellular fibres, (2) an amorphous matrix called ground substance, and (3) stationary and migrating cells.
Define the term ‘adipose tissue’ and describe its basic functions.
Otherwise known as body fat, is a connective tissue that extends throughout your body. They provide energy storage, insulation from extreme temperatures and cushioning around soft organs
Recognise the consequences of abnormal function of each of the basic tissues.
Abnormal function of Connective Tissue: Blood / bone marrow - leukaemia, Loose / dense - loss/abnormal fibres, (epidermolysis bullosa), Cartilage - tear, Bone – osteoporosis/petrosis, arthritis
Abnormal function of epithelial cells - over-proliferation, under-proliferation, over-secretion
under-secretion, loss of cilia / ciliary beat
