Tissues - Epithelial Flashcards

1
Q

4 types of tissues

A

Epithelial - covering
Connective - support
Nervous - control
Miscle tissues - movement

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2
Q

Location of the epithelial tissues

A

Body Covering - skin
Body lining - body cavities, gastrointestinal teact
Glandular tissues - excretory tissues or glands

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3
Q

Function of the epithelial tissue

A

• Protection (skin outer layer, epithelial lining of respiratory tract)
• absorption (digestive system)
• filtration (kidney)
• secretion (glands)

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4
Q

Characteristics of the epithelial tissues

A

• Cells fit closely together and often form sheets
• Rich in tight junctions and desmosomes except for glandular tissue
• The apical surface is the free surface of the tissue
• The lower surface of the epithelium rests on a basement membrane
• Avascular (no blood supply)
• Regenerate easily if well nourished

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5
Q

Epithelial tissues are classified depending on:

A

Number of cell layers
Shape of cells

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6
Q

Epithelial tissue types depending on the no. of cell layers

A

Simple - one layer
Stratified - more than one layer

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7
Q

Epithelial tissue types depending on the shapes of the cells

A

Squammous cells - flattened like fish scales
Cuboidal cells - cube shaped like dice
Columnar cells - shaped like columns

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8
Q

Types of epithelial tissues

A

Simple
Simple squamous
Simple cuboidal
Simple columnar
Simple pseudostratified

Stratified
Squamous stratified
Cuboidal stratified
Columnar stratified
Transitional stratified

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9
Q

Simple squamous epithelium

A

• One layer of squamous cells
• The cells fit tightly together
• Form membranes where diffusion and filtration occur
• Form the air sacs of the lungs (alveoli), where oxygen and carbon dioxide exchange (diffusion)
• Form the walls of capillaries that allow nutrients and gases to pass between the blood and the intersitial fluid (filtration)

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10
Q

Function of the basement membrane

A

Provide nutrients to the upper layer of the cell

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11
Q

Simple cuboidal epithelium

A

• One layer of cuboidal cells
• The function of the simple cuboidal tissue is mainly for secretion and absorption
• Forms the walls of the kidney tubules (function: secretion and absorption)
• Forms glands and their associated small tubes called ducts (function: secretion) (e.g: salivary glands and pancreas)
• Covers the surface of the ovaries (function: secretion)
• Forms the ciliated cells (function: move small particles and debris, assist the movement of mucus that may be produced by other cells.

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12
Q

Type of tissues in the respiratory system

A

Nose/ Trachea/ Bronchi ——> pseudostratified columnar epithelium
Bronchioles ——> simple cuboidal epithelium
Alveoli ——> simple squamous epithelium

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13
Q

Simple columnal epithelium

A

• One layer of columnal tall cells
• Mostly important for absorption and secretion
• Lines the entire length of the digestive tract from the stomach to the anus (function: absorption and secretion)
• The mucous membrane (mucosa) lines body cavities that are open to the exterior. There are goblet cells that produce lubricating mucus. (Function: secretion)

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14
Q

Mucous is made from which type of cells?

A

Goblet cells

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15
Q

What does the term “pseudo” means?

A

False

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16
Q

Pseudostratified columnar epithelium

A

•It is only one layer
• Some of its cells are shorter than others, and their nuclei are positioned at different heights above the basement membrane.
• As a result, this epithelium gives the false (pseudo) impression that it is stratified.
• Main function is absorption and secretion
• Forms most of the respiratory tract
• Its goblet cells produce mucus to capture dust and other debris, and its cilia propel it upward and away from the lungs.

17
Q

Stratified squamous epithelium

A

• Many layers of the cells
• Squamous cells line the free edge, whereas cuboidal and columnar cells line the base.
• Found in areas subjected to friction or abuse
• Main function is protection
• found in the mouth, skin, and tge esophagus

18
Q

Stratified cuboidal epithelium

A

• Has two cell layers of cuboidal shaped cells
• It is rare
• Found mostly in the large gland ducts

19
Q

Stratified columnal epithelium

A

• Surface cells are columnar shape and different shape of inner cells
• It is rare
• Found mostly in the large gland ducts

20
Q

Transitional epithelium tissues

A

• Superficial cells are dome shaped
• Basal cells are cuboidal/ columnar
• In the absence of stretching, the membrane is many-layered, and the superficial cells are dome-shaped.
• During distention (stretching), the epithelium thins like a rubber band, and the surface cells flatten and become squamous.
• Transitional cells slide past each other and change shape (undergo “transitions”), allowing the ureter wall to stretch as more urine flows through it. It allows more urine to be stored in the bladder.
• Forms in organs that are subjected to considerable stretching
• Forms the lining of the urinary bladder, uterus, and part of the urethra

21
Q

Glandular epithelium tissue

A
22
Q

Type of tissues in the gland

A

Small gland
Duct ———> simple cuboidal
Secretory ———> glandular epithelium

Large gland
Duct ———> Startified cuboidal/ columnal
Secretory ———> glandular epithelium

23
Q

Glandular epithelium

A

• A gland is made up of cells that produce and secrete products.
• Secretions contain protein molecules in aqueous fluids.
• Secretion is an active process where glandular cells obtain the needed materials from the blood and use them to make their products, which they then exocytose.

24
Q

Types of glands

A

Endocrine Glands -
Ductless glands
The hormones they secrete diffuse directly into the blood vessels in the glands (eg, thyroid, adrenal, and pituitary glands)
Exocrine Glands -
Secretions exit through ducts to the surface or a body cavity(eg, sweat and oil glands, liver, and pancreas)

25
Q

Types of glands

A

Endocrine Glands -
Ductless glands
The hormones they secrete diffuse directly into the blood vessels in the glands (eg, thyroid, adrenal, and pituitary glands)
Exocrine Glands -
Secretions exit through ducts to the surface or a body cavity(eg, sweat and oil glands, liver, and pancreas)

26
Q

Types of glands

A

Endocrine Glands -
Ductless glands
The hormones they secrete diffuse directly into the blood vessels in the glands (eg, thyroid, adrenal, and pituitary glands)
Exocrine Glands -
Secretions exit through ducts to the surface or a body cavity(eg, sweat and oil glands, liver, and pancreas)

27
Q

Most abundant type of tissues

A

Connective tissue

28
Q

Function of the connective tissue

A

Protect, support, and bind together other tissues of the body