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Anatomy > Tissues (Ch 4) > Flashcards

Tissues (Ch 4) Flashcards

1
Q

The study of tissues and their relationships within organs is called ______.

histology

physiology

cytology

embryology

A

histology

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2
Q

The majority of glands are composed of ______.

nervous tissue

muscle tissue

connective tissue

epithelial tissue

A

epithelial tissue

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3
Q

Select all that apply

Which characteristics describe epithelial tissue?

The cells are bound closely together.

A large amount of extracellular matrix separates the cells.

It is composed almost entirely of cells.

It is composed almost entirely of extracellular matrix.

The basal surface is bound to a basement membrane.

A

The cells are bound closely together.

It is composed almost entirely of cells.

The basal surface is bound to a basement membrane.

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4
Q

Select all that apply

Which of the following are functions of epithelial tissue?

Secretions

Physical protection

Sensations

Storage and transport

Selective permeability

A

Secretions

Physical protection

Sensations

Selective permeability

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5
Q

Select all that apply

Which are functions of the basement membrane?

Anchors epithelial cells together

Acts as a barrier

Anchors the epithelium to connective tissue

Provides physical support

A

Acts as a barrier

Anchors the epithelium to connective tissue

Provides physical support

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6
Q

The study of blood, which is a group of similar cells that have a common function, would be an example of ______.

pathology

histology

chemistry

gross anatomy

A

histology

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7
Q

The ___________ surfaces of epithelial cells contain intercellular junctions.

A

lateral

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8
Q

Select all that apply

Which statements describe the locations of epithelial tissue?

Lines body cavities

Attached to bones

Covers body surfaces

Covers many organs

Lines many organs

A

Lines body cavities

Covers body surfaces

Covers many organs

Lines many organs

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9
Q

Select all that apply

Which criteria are used to classify epithelia?

Shape of cells at basal surface

Number of cell layers

Shape of cells at apical surface

Function

A

Number of cell layers

Shape of cells at apical surface

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10
Q

Select all that apply

Which statements correctly describe epithelial tissue?

It lacks innervation.

It lacks blood vessels.

It is richly innervated.

It has a high regeneration capacity.

It is richly vascularized.

A

It lacks blood vessels.

It is richly innervated.

It has a high regeneration capacity.

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11
Q

Simple squamous

A

One layer of flat, wide irregular shaped cells

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12
Q

Simple cuboidal

A

One layer of cells that are about as high as they are wide

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13
Q

Simple columnar, nonciliated

A

One layer of tall, narrow cells that often contain microvilli

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14
Q

Simple columnar, ciliated

A

One layer of tall, narrow cells that can move objects along their apical surface

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15
Q

One of the four major tissue types in the human body, _____________ tissue acts as ‘gatekeepers’ in that it regulates the movement of materials in and out of certain body regions.

A

Epithelial

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16
Q

Which structure binds epithelial tissue to connective tissue?

Basement membrane

Tight junction

Adhering junction

Gap junction

A

Basement membrane

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17
Q

Which type of epithelium is in the lining of the lung air sacs?

Simple columnar

Pseudostratified columnar

Transitional

Simple squamous

A

Simple squamous

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18
Q

Tight junction

A

Complete attachment between neighboring cells sealing off the intercellular space

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19
Q

Adhering junctions

A

Acts like a belt providing strength and support between cells

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20
Q

Gap junctions

A

Has connexons which provide a pore or tunnel between cells

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21
Q

An epithelial cell is classified as _____ if it is thin and flat.

columnar

cuboidal

squamous

A

squamous

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22
Q

Endothelium lines the ______.

air sacs of the lungs

stomach

liver

heart

A

heart

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23
Q

Nonkeratinized stratified squamous

A

Body openings like the oral cavity, vagina and anus

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24
Q

Keratinized stratified squamous

A

Epidermis of skin

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25
Q

Pseudostratified ciliated columnar

A

Lines upper respiratory tract

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26
Q

Transitional

A

Lining of urinary bladder, ureters and part of the urethra

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27
Q

Select all that apply

Where might you find simple squamous epithelium?

Lining of lumen of blood vessels (endothelium)

Lining of air sacs (alveoli) of lungs

Lining of lumen of ureters

Lining of upper respiratory tract

A

Lining of lumen of blood vessels (endothelium)

Lining of air sacs (alveoli) of lungs

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28
Q

Select all that apply

Which statements characterize simple squamous epithelial tissue?

It lines blood vessels.

It secretes mucus.

It allows for rapid diffusion or filtration.

It lines most digestive organs.

A

It lines blood vessels.

It allows for rapid diffusion or filtration.

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29
Q

Which of the following secretes mucin?

Goblet cells

Microvilli

Basement membrane

Cilia

A

Goblet cells

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30
Q

The simple squamous epithelium that lines blood and lymphatic vessels is called a(n) ______.

pseudothelium

endoderm

endothelium

mesothelium

A

endothelium

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31
Q

Select all that apply

Simple cuboidal epithelium can be found ______.

in kidney tubules

in ducts of most glands

in the lumen of blood vessels (endothelium)

in the lining of the digestive tract

A
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32
Q

The secretions of endocrine glands are ______.

synovial fluid

mucus

hormones

lymph

A

hormones

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33
Q

Tiny, cytoplasmic projections on the apical surface of a cell that increases the surface area for secretion and absorption are called _____.

villi

microvilli

mucin

cilia

A

microvilli

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34
Q

A multicellular exocrine gland consists of ______.

acini and at least one duct

at least one duct and no acini

acini and no duct

A

acini and at least one duct

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35
Q

Morphology is a(n) ______ classification of an exocrine gland.

physiologic

secretory

anatomic

A

anatomic

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36
Q

This type of epithelium is known for its ability to move structures like the oocyte in a uterine tube or small particles in the bronchioles of the lung.

Nonciliated simple columnar epithelium

Transitional epithelium

Ciliated simple columnar epitheliu

A

Ciliated simple columnar epithelium

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37
Q

true or false: An exocrine gland with both secretory tubules and secretory acini called a tubuloacinar gland.

A

True

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38
Q

Select all that apply

Connective tissues, although diverse, share the following basic components.

Cilia

Ground substance

Exocrine glands

Cells

Proteins fibers

A

Ground substance

Cells

Proteins fibers

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39
Q

These glands have ducts and excrete their products onto the surface of the skin or into the lumen.

Endocrine

Exocrine

A

Exocrine

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40
Q

Sacs that produce secretions of multicellular exocrine glands are ______.

ducts

acini

goblet cells

endocrines

A

acini

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41
Q

Select all that apply

Which are considered the functions of connective tissue?

Binding and support of structures

Cellular communication

Secretion and Sensation

Storage and transport

Physical protection

A

Binding and support of structures

Storage and transport

Physical protection

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42
Q

Select all that apply

Criteria used to classify multicellular exocrine glands include ______.

acidity of secretion

morphology

hardness of secretion

method of secretio

A

morphology

method of secretion

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43
Q

The embryonic ______ forms all connective tissues.

endoderm

ectoderm

mesoderm

A

mesoderm

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44
Q

The three types of connectives include fluid connective tissue,______________ connective tissue, and connective tissue proper

A

supporting

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45
Q

The secretions of endocrine glands are ______.

hormones

mucus

lymph

synovial fluid

A

hormones

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46
Q

Which connective tissue cells are derived from monocytes in the blood and reside in the extracellular matrix after leaving the blood?

Mast Cells

Fibroblasts

Adipocytes

Macrophages

A

Macrophages

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47
Q

______ tissues function to support tissues and bind structures together.

Nervous

Muscle

Connective

Epithelial

A

Connective

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48
Q

Which is a resident cell of connective tissues and produces fibers?

Leukocyte

Macrophage

Fibroblast

Mast cell

A

Fibroblast

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49
Q

The embryonic connective tissue called the _________
connective tissue is located in the umbilical cord only.

A

mucous

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50
Q

Which type of protein fiber, in connective tissue, is the most abundant type of protein in the body and appears pink under the microscope when stained with hemotoxylin and eosin?

Reticular

Elastic

Collagen

A

Collagen

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51
Q

true or false: An exocrine gland with both secretory tubules and secretory acini called a tubuloacinar gland.

A

true

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52
Q

Select all that apply

Which are characteristics of collagen fibers?

They are smaller than elastic fibers.

They resist stretching.

They are strong and flexible.

They appear white in fresh tissues.

A

They resist stretching.

They are strong and flexible.

They appear white in fresh tissues.

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53
Q

Select all that apply

Which is NOT a type of connective tissue?

Fluid connective tissue

Pseudostratified connective tissue

Connective tissue proper

Simple squamous connective tissue

Supporting connective tissue

A

Pseudostratified connective tissue

Simple squamous connective tissue

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54
Q

Fibroplast

A

Produce fibers and ground substance

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55
Q

Adipocytes

A

Store lipid reserves

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56
Q

Fixed macrophages

A

These large cells phagocytize damaged cells and pathogens

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57
Q

Cells of connective tissue that are stationary and help support, maintain, and repair extracellular matrix are ______.

parenchymal cells

pluripotent cells

wandering cells

resident cells

A

resident cells

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58
Q

This type of connective tissue is found nearly everywhere in the body. It is also found just deep to all epithelia. It is called ______ connective tissue.

areolar

dense

adipose

blood

cartilage

A

areolar

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59
Q

true or false: Collagen fibers form a structural connective tissue framework which help them to support organs and resist external forces.

A

False

60
Q

________________ fibers contain the protein collagen and are thinner than collagen fibers.

A

Reticular

61
Q

true or false: Areolar connective tissue is found nearly everywhere in the body.

A

true

62
Q

The three types of connectives include fluid connective tissue, _____________ connective tissue, and connective tissue proper

A

supporting

63
Q

These connective tissue cells are closely packed together and have nuclei squeezed to one side by the material that it stores.

Reticular

Areolar

Hyaline Cartilage

Adipocytes

A

Adipocytes

64
Q

Choose the type of connective tissue one would find in the stroma of lymph nodes, in the spleen, the thymus and in bone marrow.

Areolar

Adipose

Reticular

A

Reticular

65
Q

____________ connective tissue serves as padding and acts as an insulator to slow heat loss through the skin.

A

Adipose or Fat

66
Q

Which of the following type of protein fibers, found in connective tissue, allow body parts to stretch and appear wavy.

Elastic

Collagen

Reticular

A

Elastic

67
Q

Select all that apply

Which are locations of areolar connective tissue?

Surrounding blood vessels

Tendons and ligaments

Surrounding nerves

Subcutaneous layer of skin

A

Surrounding blood vessels

Surrounding nerves

Subcutaneous layer of skin

68
Q

Which of the following would you expect to find in the walls of the large arteries?

Dense regular connective

Elastic connective

Dense irregular connective

A

Elastic connective

69
Q

Select all that apply

Hyaline cartilage is located ______.

in the nose

at the ends of long bones

in costal cartilages

in the epiglottis

in the fetal skeleton

A

in the nose

at the ends of long bones

in costal cartilages

in the fetal skeleton

70
Q

Select all that apply

Which are functions of adipose tissue?

Makes new blood cells

Provides padding

Cushions shock

Synthesizes hormones that control blood pressure

Acts as an insulator to slow heat loss

A

Provides padding

Cushions shock

Acts as an insulator to slow heat loss

71
Q

This type of connective tissue is found nearly everywhere in the body. It is also found just deep to all epithelia. It is called ______ connective tissue.

adipose

cartilage

areolar

dense

blood

A

areolar

72
Q

Cancellous bone is also called ______.

compact bone

osteon

hemopoietic tissue

spongy bone

A

spongy bone

73
Q

Dense regular connective tissue is found in ______.

walls of large arteries

capsules of organs

tendons and ligaments

the dermis of skin

A

tendons and ligaments

74
Q

Select all that apply

Which are the functions of bone?

Absorbs shock in some joints

Protection of vital organs

Carries out hemopoiesis

Stores calcium and phosphorus

Provides levers for movement

A

Protection of vital organs

Carries out hemopoiesis

Stores calcium and phosphorus

Provides levers for movement

75
Q

Which type of cartilage is surrounded by a perichondrium and named for its clear, glassy appearance?

Elastic cartilage

Fibrocartilage

Hyaline cartilage

A

Hyaline cartilage

76
Q

Many areas of spongy bone contain _________ cells, which are responsible for producing new blood cells.

A

hematopoietic

77
Q

Which is the most common type of cartilage, and also the weakest?

Elastic Cartilage

Fibrocartilage

Hyaline

A

Hyaline

78
Q

The dense irregular connective tissue covering of long bones is called the ______.

spongy bone

canaliculi

perichondrium

periosteum

lamellae

A

periosteum

79
Q

Leukocytes are commonly called __________
blood cells.

A

white

80
Q

Red blood cells are called ______.

plasma cells

thrombocytes

leukocytes

erythrocytes

A

erythrocytes

81
Q

Erythrocytes

A

Transport O2 and CO2 between lungs and body tissues

82
Q

Leukocytes

A

Immunity

83
Q

Platelets

A

Blood clotting

84
Q

Serous membranes are composed of two parts: a _____________ layer that lines the body cavity and a ______________ layer that covers organs

A

parietal
visceral

85
Q

Many areas of spongy bone contain _____________ cells, which are responsible for producing new blood cells.

A

hematopoietic or hemopoietic

86
Q

The _________membrane is commonly called skin.

A

cutaneous or integument

87
Q

_____________ is a fluid connective tissue composed of formed elements and matrix.

A

blood

88
Q

The three types of muscle tissue are ______.

voluntary, involuntary, and autonomic

central, peripheral, and autonomic

skeletal, smooth, and cardiac

striated, nonstriated, and smooth

A

skeletal, smooth, and cardiac

89
Q

Which statements characterize serous membranes?

They cover and line the urinary bladder.

The skin is an example.

They contain a parietal and visceral layer.

They secrete mucus.

The pericardium is an example

A

They contain a parietal and visceral layer.

The pericardium is an example.

90
Q

Skeletal muscle tissue is found ______.

in the wall of the heart

attached to bones

in the wall of the urinary bladder

in the wall of the stomach

A

attached to bones

91
Q

Select all that apply

The cutaneous membrane ______.

secretes serous fluid into body cavities

lines the intestines

contains keratinized stratified squamous epithelial tissue

lines joints of the skeletal system

is relatively dry compared to other membranes of the body

A

contains keratinized stratified squamous epithelial tissue

is relatively dry compared to other membranes of the body

92
Q

Muscle tissue is controlled primarily by ______.

local chemicals

hormones

bones they are attached to

the nervous system

A

the nervous system

93
Q

Which of the following cell types in nervous tissue functions in support and protection?

Glial cells

Neuron cells

A

Glial cells

94
Q

Select all that apply

Which statements characterize skeletal muscle tissue?

It is voluntary.

It is found in the walls of most viscera.

It has intercalated discs.

It is striated.

It is multinucleated.

A

It is voluntary.

It is striated.

It is multinucleated.

95
Q

The_________ membrane is commonly called skin.

A

integument

96
Q

This type of muscle is striated and voluntary.

Smooth

Cardiac

Skeletal

A

Skeletal

97
Q

true or false: There are a larger number of glial cells than neurons.

A

true

98
Q

_________- are cell types in nervous tissue that are responsible for control and information processing.

A

Neurons, Nervous, or Neuron

99
Q

This type of muscle is striated and voluntary.

Smooth

Cardiac

Skeletal

A
100
Q

Which of the following is not a feature of epithelia?

Specialized intercellular junctions
Avascular
Abundant extracellular material
Basement membrane

A

Abundant extracellular material

101
Q

true or false: Epithelia are strong membranes that function to bind the body together.

A

false

102
Q

Which of the following is NOT a feature of epithelia?

Avascular
Basement membrane
Abundant extracellular material
Specialized intercellular junctions

A

Abundant extracellular material

103
Q

true or false: Epithelia are strong membranes that function to bind the body together.

A

false

104
Q

An epithelium with a single layer of tall cells would be classified as which type of epithelium?

Simple columnar epithelium
Stratified cuboidal epithelium
Stratified squamous epithelium
Simple squamous epithelium

A

Simple columnar epithelium

105
Q

true or false: Intercellular junctions important in sealing the space between the cells and filling the “gaps” are called gap junctions.

A

false

106
Q

true or false: Adipose connective tissue is a type of dense connective tissue.

A

false

107
Q

Which type of connective tissue is abundant in the walls of arteries, and in the airway?

Dense irregular connective tissue
Elastic connective tissue
Dense regular connective tissue
Cartilage

A

Elastic connective tissue

108
Q

Which of the following is something that chondrocytes and osteocytes have in common?

They are located in bone.
They are found in cartilage.
They are contained within lacunae.
They produce the fibers found in loose connective tissues.

A

They are contained within lacunae.

109
Q

Which of the following is NOT a category of connective tissue?

Connective tissue proper
Supporting connective tissue
Fluid connective tissue
Aerobic connective tissue

A

Aerobic connective tissue

110
Q

true or false: Adipose connective tissue is a type of dense connective tissue.

A

false

111
Q

Which type of connective tissue is abundant in the walls of arteries, and in the airway?

Dense irregular connective tissue
Elastic tissue
Dense regular connective tissue
Cartilage

A

Elastic tissue

112
Q

Where are chondrocytes and osteocytes located?

In bone
In lacuna
In cartilage
In muscle

A

In lacuna

113
Q

true or false: One function of muscle tissue is to provide heat production.

A

true

114
Q

Which type of muscle tissue is found in the walls of hollow organs?

Smooth muscle
Cardiac muscle
Skeletal muscle
Organ muscle

A

Smooth muscle

115
Q

true or false: Perimysium covers a muscle fascicle.

A

true

116
Q

How would the genetic inheritance of a gene producing abnormal gap junctions effect muscle tissue?

All types of muscle tissue would function normally.

All types of muscle tissue would function abnormally.

Cardiac muscle and some smooth muscle would function abnormally. Skeletal muscle would be unaffected.

Skeletal muscle would function abnormally. Smooth muscle and cardiac muscle would be unaffected.

A

Cardiac muscle and some smooth muscle would function abnormally. Skeletal muscle would be unaffected.

117
Q

Which of the following parts of a neuron receives and processes information?

Dendrite
Synapse
Axon
Cell body

A

Cell body

118
Q

true or false: Schwann cells are glial cells of the central nervous system.

A

false

119
Q

The type of epithelial tissue that is only one cell layer thick is called __________; the type of epithelial tissue that is two or more cell layers thick is called _________.

A

simple; stratified

120
Q

Which of the following has the most solid ground substance?

Supporting connective tissue
Fluid connective tissue
Connective tissue proper
Dense regular connective tissue

A

Supporting connective tissue

121
Q

During a lab practical, a student views a microscope slide of a cross section of the spinal cord. What type of tissue is she viewing?

Epithelial

Muscular

Connective

Nervous

A

Nervous

122
Q

Which is not one of the four primary tissue types?

Muscle
Endocrine
Nervous
Connective
Epithelial

A

Endocrine

123
Q

The tissue type that covers surfaces and lines the inside of organs and body cavities is

muscle.
connective.
epithelial.
nervous.
None of the choices is correct.

A

epithelial.

124
Q

Which is avascular (lacks blood vessels)?

Epithelial tissue
Muscle tissue
Nervous tissue
Connective tissue
All of the choices are correct.

A

Epithelial tissue

125
Q

What specialized feature of an epithelium consists of a reticular lamina and a basal lamina?

Microfilament
Desmosome
Fenestrated membrane
Basement membrane
Plasma membrane

A

Basement membrane

126
Q

Nonkeratinized stratified squamous epithelium is found lining each of these locations except the

oral cavity.
pharynx.
vagina.
esophagus.
small intestine.

A

small intestine.

127
Q

Pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelium would be found lining

portions of the respiratory system.
the larger blood vessels.
the oviduct.
large kidney tubules.
ducts of sweat glands.

A

portions of the respiratory system.

128
Q

The type of epithelium that lines the urinary bladder and may include some binucleated cells is called ____________ epithelium.

stratified squamous nonkeratinized
stratified squamous keratinized
pseudostratified
transitional
simple squamous

A

transitional

129
Q

Endocrine glands

A

lack ducts and secrete their products into the bloodstream or into interstitial fluid.

130
Q

All connective tissues have three features in common. They are

A

cells, protein fibers, and ground substance.

131
Q

In connective tissue, the extracellular matrix consists of

A

protein fibers and ground substance.

132
Q

The majority of connective tissues contain

large numbers of cells and very little extracellular matrix.

a large amount of extracellular matrix and a few scattered cells.

an even distribution of cells and extracellular matrix.

a dense collection of protein fibers with no extracellular matrix.

a large number of cells with a small amount of liquid matrix.

A

a large amount of extracellular matrix and a few scattered cells.

133
Q

The most common type of cartilage, which is also the weakest, is

fibrocartilage.
hyaline cartilage.
elastic cartilage.
reticular cartilage.
areolar cartilage.

A

hyaline cartilage.

134
Q

Which feature is found in both cartilage and bone?

Chondrocyte
Osteocyte
Perichondrium
Central canal
Lacuna

A

Lacuna

135
Q

The type of cartilage that forms embryonic models for most of our bones is

reticular cartilage.
fibrocartilage.
hyaline cartilage.
elastic cartilage.
areolar cartilage.

A

hyaline cartilage.

136
Q

Plasma consists of

dissolved protein fibers and a watery ground substance.

dissolved ground matrix and a lining of epithelial cells.

dissolved blood cells and a liquefied ground substance.

platelets, red blood cells, and white blood cells.

platelets and a watery ground substance.

A

dissolved protein fibers and a watery ground substance.

137
Q

What type of muscle contains intercalated discs?

Skeletal
Cardiac
Smooth

A

Cardiac

138
Q

Dendrites

transmit signals away from the cell body.

transmit signals toward the cell body.

manufacture proteins to be used by the neuron.

use hormones to transmit information.

None of the choices is correct.

A

transmit signals toward the cell body.

139
Q

Axons

transmit signals away from the cell body.

transmit signals toward the cell body.

manufacture proteins to be used by the neuron.

use hormones to transmit information.

None of the choices is correct.

A

transmit signals away from the cell body.

140
Q

The two types of cells that make up the nervous system are

A

neurons and glial cells.

141
Q

Where in the body would you find a glial cell?

In the stomach
In the cardiovascular system
In the immune system
In the nervous system
In the skeletal system

A

In the nervous system

142
Q

You would most likely find goblet cells in what type of tissue?

Cartilage
Nervous tissue
Muscle tissue
Bone
Epithelial tissue

A

Epithelial tissue

143
Q

Where in the body would you expect to find a perichondrium?

Covering bones
Lining kidney tubules
Covering the heart
Inside of the brain
Covering cartilage

A

Covering cartilage

144
Q

A muscle fiber is

an elongated series of muscles held together by dense connective tissue.

a collection of several muscles bound together by a membrane.

synonymous with a muscle cell.

found only in cardiac muscle.

unable to transmit a signal from one fiber to another.

A

synonymous with a muscle cell.

145
Q

Muscle that is attached to bone is known as _____ muscle.

A

skeletal

146
Q

Smooth muscle is also known as _____ muscle.

A

visceral

147
Q
A

Anatomy (4 decks)

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