Tissues Cells And Molecular Studies Flashcards
Mitosis
The type of cell division responsible for growth
Tissues
Groups of cells of similar structure that perform a particular function. Histology
Embryo
Cluster of undifferentiated cells
Interphase
Dna replicates and now a chromatid. 46 needed
Nucleus
Controls all cells activities
Carries hereditary info
Synthesis of protein
Prophase
Chromatids become visible centrioles split
Metaphase
Chromatids line up along the equator
Anaphase
Chromosome splits and moves apart to opposite sides of the poles
Telophase
Chromosomes regroup and at the poles and cell splits in two
Cytokinesis
Animal cell equator constricts
Plant cell cell plate forms and cell splits
Apoptosis
When a mutant in a cell is detected the cell commits suicide.
What makes a cell cancerous
Cells that have undergone mutations in their DNA. The mutation damages apoptosis
Carcinogens
Agents capable of causing cancer, the damage DNA so allow for mutations
Tumours
Benign surrounded by tissue and can be easily removed
Malignant invade surrounding tissue and real ease cells which can spread cancer throughout the body
Biopsy
A sample if the tu our U.S. removed and examined. Typical for malignant tumours
Methods of cancer treatment
Surgery-removing capable tissue
Radiotherapy-irreplaceable organs and tissues
Chemotherapy- when location and size if tumour is unknown
What is biotechnology
Use of tech to obtain useful products from living organisms
Uses if biotechnology
Blood transfusion, vaccines and immunity, anti-biotics, In Vitro fertilization
Somatic cell
Contain complete sets of info that makes us us. They are body cells that can be used to clone
Why use embryonic cells to make clones
Stem cells have the ability to rapidly divide. Undifferentiated cells with the potential to firm all kinds of tissue
What is cloning
The exact replication of an animal using its exact same genes.
Meristematic cells
Cells that continuously divide in plants
Uses of cloning
High fruit and veg yield
Traditional healers
Why clone
Endangered species are saved from extinction
Produce organs for organ transplants
Improve quality and quantity of agricultural products
