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Biology > Population Ecology > Flashcards

Population Ecology Flashcards

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AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

What is ecology

A

The study of interactions between living and non-living organisms in an area

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2
Q

What is a food chain

A

It is the transfer of food and energy through the feeding of one organism on another

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3
Q

Ecosystem

A

A unit in nature where abiotic and biotic factors interact with each other and are studied

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4
Q

Abiotic and biotc

A

Non-living and living components of an ecosystem

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5
Q

Producers, consumers, decomposers

A

Green plants that make their own food.
Animals that eat plants or other animals.
Bacteria and fungi that breaks down organic matter

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6
Q

Autotrophic, heterotrophic, saprophytic

A

Nutrition plants use to make their own food.
Nutrition animals have to eat ready made food.
Nutrition decomposers have to break down dead organic matter

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7
Q

Niche

A

A specific job or role of an individual

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8
Q

Linkage in an ecosystem

A

Individual, population of same species, community of many pops, biome, biosphere

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9
Q

Biome and biosphere

A

Regions of the earth with particular climates that plants and animals living there are adapted to.
The part of the earth that can support life

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10
Q

Population dynamics

A

The study of the factors that cause a change in population number

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11
Q

Environmental/abiotic factors and biotic factors

A

Drought and disease

Interactions between other organisms

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12
Q

Increase population

A

Natality and immigration

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13
Q

Decrease population

A

Mortality and emigration

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14
Q

Carrying capacity

A

Max no. Of organisms an area can support

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15
Q

Environmental resistance

A

Kicks in when cc is reached.

Competition for food, shelter, mating partners, space. Parasitism

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16
Q

Phases

A

Lag, exponential, deccelaration, stable equilibrium

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17
Q

Growth forms

A

Geometric (J)

Logistic (S)

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18
Q

Unstable population

A

CC decreases and dies out bc deteriorating environment bc environmental resistance

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19
Q

Direct and indirect methods

A

Physical counting or Ariel photographs

Mark-recapture or simple sampling

20
Q

Mark recapture technique

A 
P=mxs/t 
Clearly visible marks
Enough time to mix without breeding 
Closed environment 
Repeat
21
Q

Simple sampling

A

Total no. of animals= no. in sample x habitat size/ sample size
Choose random samples
Take several samples

22
Q

5 interaction in a community

A

Predation, competition, mutualism, commensalism, parasitism (symbiosis)

23
Q

Predation

A

One species hunts, kills and eats another who us the prey. Density-dependent factor

24
Q

Predator adaptations

A

Agility, speed, intensified senses, sharp teeth and claws, hooked beaks and camouflage

25
Q

Adaptations for prey

A

Herding, good camouflage, tough outer castings, ability to secrete poison

26
Q

Competition

A

Two or more individuals want the same resources, density dependent

27
Q

Intraspecific competition

A

Individuals of the same species, use the same resources in the same way super intense

28
Q

Interspecific competition

A

Different species, similar niches, one specie out competes the other, resulting in emigration or extinction: gause’s law: competitive exclusion

29
Q

Resource partitioning

A

Co-existence of species using same resources but different niches.

30
Q

Layers of a forest

A

Very shady plants, shrubs, understory, canopy

31
Q

Succession

A

Process by which community structure changes over time. As well as species composition

32
Q

Primary succession

A

Barren area which has not previously been inhabited which becomes colonized by pioneer plants

33
Q

Secondary succession

A

Colonization of an area that has previously been inhabited where the is a current soil bed. Eg after a fire

34
Q

Climax community

A

No further changes to its composition can occur

35
Q

Pioneer plants

A

First plants to colonize an area eg, lichens, moss, and ferns

36
Q

Process of succession

A

Empty habits, lichens colonize and secret acid which breaks down rocks and trains soil and water, mosses establish themselves trap organic matter and form soil bed, shallow root plants grow, larger shrubs, climax community

37
Q

Parasitism

A

One benefits other is harmed

38
Q

Mutualism

A

Both benefit

39
Q

Commensalism

A

One benefits while the other is unharmed

40
Q

Red mistletoe

A

Has special roots called haustoria draw nutrients and moisture from hosts tissue. Can photosynthesize but doesn’t have roots

41
Q

Lichens

A

Algal cells provide food. Fungal threads provide frame network and absorb water

42
Q

Egrets and livestock

A

Egrets feed on insects disturbed by the movement of cattle

43
Q

Zones of the rocky shore

A

Infratidal, cochlear, lower barnacle, upper barnacle, littirorina

44
Q

Donation

A

Gradual change in the distance between species across a habitat

45
Q

Energy lost in plants

A

Metabolism, biomass and respiration

46
Q

Energy loss in consumers

A

Respiration, growth(biomass), urine and faeces and heat

Biology (4 decks)

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