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Anatomy and Physiology for Sports Therapy > Tissues and Systems of the Human Body > Flashcards

Tissues and Systems of the Human Body Flashcards

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1
Q

What is the definition of a tissue?

A

Tissues are a group of cells that have specialised structures enabling them to perform a particular function in the body

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2
Q

What does a tissue refer to in any part of the human body?

A

Soft Tissue, Bone & Skin Tissue.

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3
Q

What are the 4 types of tissues?

A

1: Epithelial Tissue 3: Connective Tissue
2: Nerve Tissue 4: Muscle Tissue

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4
Q

What 2 types of epithelial tissues do we have in our body?

A

1: Glandular 2: Covering

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5
Q

What is the job of the Covering epithelial tissue type and where would it be found?

A

From the surface layer or layers of cells, For example, the surfaces of the skin and the lining of the digestive tract.

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6
Q

What is the job of the 2 types of glandular epithelial tissue and what does it do for our body?

A
  • Exocrine - Secrete fluids containing enzymes for the digestion of food
  • Endocrine - Glands, such as pituitary glands at the base of the brain secrete hormones, in association with the nervous system to regulate and coordinate various bodily functions.
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7
Q

What are the 2 types of glandular tissues

A

1: Endocrine 2: Exocrine

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8
Q

What is the nerve tissue

A

It has Nerve cells (neurons) that are specialised to conduct electrochemical impulses throughout the body to regulate and coordinate various body functions.

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9
Q

What does the muscle tissue do?

A

Specialised to contract and create pulling forces to bring about movement.

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10
Q

What are the 3 types of muscle tissues

A

1: Skeletal 2: Visceral (Smooth) 3: Cardiac

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11
Q

What does the connective tissue do?

A

It supports and binds other tissues together. For example bones of the skeleton and the fibrous structures holding bones together at the joints.

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12
Q

What is an organ?

A

An organ is a combination of tissues designed to carry out a specific bodily function.

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13
Q

What is a system?

A

A system is a combination of organs working together to carry out a particular function. For example, cardiovascular system consists of the heart and blood vessels and is responsible for pumping blood around the body.

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14
Q

What are the 11 systems of the human body?

A

1: Integumentary 2: Skeletal 3: Cardiovascular
4: Reproductive 5: Respiratory 6: Endocrine 7: Urinary
8: Muscular 9: Lymphatic 10: Digestive 11: Nervous

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15
Q

What is the integumentary system?

A

external covering of the body. For example, Skin

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16
Q

what is the skeletal system?

A

bones of the skeleton and structures that form the joints between bones

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17
Q

What is the muscular system?

A

The skeleton muscles

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18
Q

What is the nervous system?

A

The nerves, organised into central (Brain and Spinal) and Peripheral (spinal nerves) components.

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19
Q

What is the endocrine system?

A

The glands that secrete hormones, which regulate and coordinate the various body functions that associate with the nervous system.

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20
Q

What is the cardiovascular system?

A

The heart and blood vessels

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21
Q

What is the lymphatic system?

A

System of vessels and associated structures that drains and return fluids leaked from the blood and protects against disease.

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22
Q

What is the respiratory system?

A

The lungs and associated passageways

23
Q

What is the digestive system?

A

The alimentary canal and associated structures that break down food and eliminate solid waste.

24
Q

What is the urinary system?

A

The kidneys, bladder and associated structures that eliminate nitrogenous waste and urine.

25
Q

What is the reproductive system?

A

The ovaries and associated female structures and testes and associated male structures, which enable the body to reproduce.

26
Q

What is the structure of soft tissue?

A

Skeletal muscles, tendons, ligaments, deep facia, bursa, joint capsule and meniscus.

27
Q

What is the location of the skeletal muscle?

A

All over the body, crosses over at least one joint, joins to bone via a tendon.

28
Q

What is the structure of the skeletal muscle?

A

Contractile tissue with long cylindrical cells, has obvious striations, formed by the arrangement of actin and myosin proteins.

29
Q

What is the function of the skeletal muscle

A

Contacts to create movement.

30
Q

Where is the Tendons located?

A

Where muscles attach to bone

31
Q

What is the structure of a tendon?

A
  • Dense fibrous connective tissues
  • Collagen fibres are grouped in parallel bundles
  • Contain minimal elastic fibres and few cells
  • Have a poor blood supply.
32
Q

What is the function of a tendon?

A

Transmit force from the muscle along the line of the collagen fibres.

33
Q

Where is the location of a ligament?

A

With a joint. They can be outside or inside a joint.

34
Q

What is the structure of a ligament?

A
  • Dense connective tissues
  • Collagen fibres may be grouped in parallel
  • Have elastic fibres
  • Poor blood supply
35
Q

What is the function of a ligament?

A

Join bone to bone. Ensure stability of the joints.

36
Q

Where is the deep facia located?

A

Forms partitions between muscle groups, form interosseous membranes.

37
Q

What is the structure of Deep Facia?

A

Dense connective tissues

38
Q

What are the functions of Deep Facia?

A
  • Holds muscles together.
  • Gives limbs their characteristic shape.
  • Provides muscle attachment points
  • Assists in the co-ordination of movement
39
Q

Where would you find Bursa?

A

Anywhere that moving structures may rub against each other.

40
Q

What is the structure and function of Bursa?

A

Connective tissue sac filled with synovial type fluid. It is there to prevent unwanted friction.

41
Q

Where is Capsule located?

A

It is a sleeve that goes over and covers the articulating bones of the synovial joints.

42
Q

What is the structure of Capsule?

A

Formed from dense irregular connective tissues with little blood supply.

43
Q

What are the functions of Capsule?

A
  • Enclose the joints so nothing can get in or out
  • Resist impact and pulling forces to ensure articulating bones remain in alignment.
44
Q

What is Menisci tissue?

A

It is located at the Knee, mainly from collagen fibres and a small amount of matrix. It is there to withstand compression/ impact forces.

45
Q

What is the definition of Haemostasis?

A
  • A injury that breaks the skin or results in bleeding.
  • Process of preventing loss of blood through walls of damaged blood vessels. Establishes the framework for tissue repair.
46
Q

What 3 phases does Haemostasis contain?

A

1: Vascular 2: Platelet 3: Coagulation Phase

47
Q

What are the 3 main phases of soft tissue healing?

A

1: Inflammatory 2: Remodelling 3: Proliferation

each last a certain time and have import effects to produce overall healing of the soft tissue.

48
Q

When after an injury does the Inflammatory phase begin and how long does it last before it starts to dissipate?

A

Rapid onset - few hours
Increases to max in 2-3 days
Dissipates over the ensuing few days.

49
Q

What are the characteristic signs & symptoms of inflammation?

A
  • Redness/ Heat * Swelling * Pain
    *Stiffness/loss of function
50
Q

When after an injury does the proliferation phase begin and how long does it last ?

A

Onset 24-48hrs and peak 2-3 weeks post injury.

51
Q

What are the signs, symptoms and function of the tissue during the Proliferation phase?

A
  • Swelling, Heat and Redness all decrease
  • Function begins to return to the injury sight.
52
Q

When after an injury does the remodelling phase begin and how long can it last?

A
  • 21 - 28 days after injury
  • May take up to a year to conclude.
53
Q

What is happening in the remodelling phase?

A
  • Reduction in wound size
  • Increases is scar strength
  • An alteration in the direction of the collagen fibres.
  • Scar is re modelled during, rather than after construction.

Anatomy and Physiology for Sports Therapy (3 decks)

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