Tissues Flashcards
What are primary (main types) tissues?
- epithelial
- muscle
- connective
- nervous
What types of epithelial tissues are there?
- squamous
- stratified squamous
- cuboidal
- columnar
What are the types of connective tissue?
- cartilage
- bones
- blood
- tendons & ligaments
- adipose (fat)
What is nervous tissue called?
neurons
What is epithelial tissue?
- covers body surfaces
- protects
- containment of body fluids
- transport in and out across body surfaces
What is squamous epithelium?
- made of flat, thin cells that fit together like tiles
- they cover surfaces that experience little wear and tear (eg. inside of capillaries, which carry blood)
What is stratified squamous?
- layered squamous (callus)
- found on surfaces that are exposed to rough use
- inside of mouth and palm of hand are covered with stratified squamous
What is cuboidal epithelium?
- thicker than squamous & cube shaped
- cuboidal cells are glands
- frequently produce liquids (saliva cells)
What is columnar epithelium?
- tall an shaped like long bone
- frequently have special features on the side of cell that is exposed along the surface of the tissue
- some cells have cilia (tiny hair-like structures)
What are the 3 types of muscle tissue?
- cardiac muscle
- skeletal muscle
- smooth muscle
What is cardiac muscle?
- INVOLUNTARY
- only found in the heart
- made up of cells which have enormous stamina (mitochondria)
- start contracting about 18 days after conceived
- continue to contract & relax until we die (70 times/minute or 50, 400/day)
- cannot stop when they’re tired or damaged
What is skeletal muscle?
- VOLUNTARY
- move the bones of our skeleton
- under conscious control
- our brain decides to move them
What is smooth muscle?
- INVOLUNTARY
- no conscious control
- they contract rhythmically
- line the digestive tract
What is connective tissue?
- cartilage
- often called gristle
- flexible, but firm supporting tissue
- forms the base on which bone is built (eg. ear and nose)
What is bone tissue?
- osteocytes
- provide framework of the body
- initially formed on a pattern made up of cartilage
- once complete, not permanent (constantly broken down and renewed)
- formed by bone cells called osteocytes
What is an osteocyte?
a star shaped cell, the most numerous cells found in mature bone
- can live as long as the organism itself (skull)
What is blood tissue?
- generally grouped under connective tissue
- major function is transportation of oxygen and carbon dioxide by the red blood cells
- different blood cells do different tasks
What are erythrocytes?
red blood cells
What are leukocytes?
white blood cells
What are thrombocytes?
platelets
What is a tendon?
- a tough band of fibrous connective tissue
- usually connects muscle to bone
- can withstand tension
What is a ligament?
- fibrous tissue that connects bones to other bones
What is adipose tissue?
- made up of a large number of cells which act as storage containers
- often called FAT CELLS
- found beneath the skin, where it acts as insulation
- stores food energy and acts as packing around organs
- protects organs from injury
What is nervous tissue?
- gives signals to muscles
- informs us of environmental conditions
- responsible for rapid, long-distance signaling, coordination and thinking
- consist of highly specialized nerve and support cells
