Tissues Flashcards
Purpose of connective tissue?
cells and intercellular matrix that attaches (connects), anchors, and/or protects other tissues
What is contained in connective tissue?
collagen fibers - made from collagen, well organized fibers, resist tensile loads, (very little stretch) elastic fiber - made from elastin, ability to stretch, develop tension and return to original length reticular fibers - made from collagen fibrils, poorly organized fibers
Types of Fibrous Connective Tissue
Loose fibrous CT - most abundant Ct, mostly collagen, poorly organized, found in subcutaneous areas Areolar - gel like matrix that wraps and cushions organs. Found under epithelium and surrounding capillaries and organs Adipose - store large amounts of fat, very little intercellular space Reticular - found within bone marrow, spleen, and lymph nodes Dense Fibrous CT - primarily collagen in various organized arrangements Regular - ideal at resisting tensile loads in one or few directions. tendons, ligaments, and aponeuroses Irregular - less ordered arrangement, not as strong as regular dense CT, withstand loads in numerous directions, fibrous joint capsule, dermis of skin, and the periosteum Elastic - mostly elastic fibers, found in the walls of arteries, trachea
Types of Cartilage
chondrocytes - cells proteoglycans - gel matrix Hyaline cartilage - strongest cartilage, articular cartliage, embryonic precursor to bone, forms synchondroses Fibrous cartilage - fibrocartilage pads and symphyses Elastic Cartilage - not found in joints, epiglottis and outer ears
Types of CT
Fibrous CT Cartilage Blood Bone
Types of Tissues
Epithelial - lines the internal and external surfaces, protects other tissues and regulates movement into and out of other tissues Muscle - generates force, striated Connective Tissue - support, anchor, attach, and connect other tissues, matrix defines function Nervous tissue - carries info, transfers info, lots of Intercellular matrix but nonfunctioning
Regional Divisions of the body
head - top of the head to c1 neck - c1 to c7 trunk thorax - clavicle –> diaphragm Abdomen - diaphragm –> pelvis pelvis - innominates and sacrum Limbs - UE and LE
Why is cartilage good at resisting compressional stress
proteoglycans have a high affinity for water which means that the cartilage will bring in water thereby reducing stress on the joint. They also increase the area between the two bones which reduce stress.
5 competing function of skeletal system and how they conflict with each other
- structure/support 2. protection 3. movement 4. calcium storehouse 5. blood cell production Needs to find a balance between protection and movement. Stronger bones means more weight which decreases movement. Calcium storehouses release Ca+ into blood which decreases levels in bone thus making bones more porous and decreasing protection and support.
Why is the skeletal system living and adaptable
- growth 2. repair (micro and macro damage) 3. Remodel - loading events help reshape bones
Stages of growth for a bone
Hyaline cartilage mold when we are born primary ossification center starts in the center and cartilage gets replaced with bone internal cavities get invaded by periosteal bud for blood supply and spongy bone formation formation of the medullary cavity as ossification occurs and this is when 2nd ossification center starts in the epiphysis ossification of the epiphysis finishes and left with articular cartilage on the ends of the bone and the epiphyseal plates
Where is compact bone found?
found in the diaphysis and surface of the epiphysis
What are the bone blood supply
- Periosteal Vessels 2. Nutrient arteries from the nutrient foramen 3. Epiphyseal vessals
Trabecular bone structure
network of plates and rods porous bone marrow - stronger and stiffer when it has bone marrow in it found in the epiphysis of long bones but everywhere in irregular bones
Bone types
Osteoblast (deposition) - responsible for producing bone, produce organic components of bone collagen and gel substance, growth, repair, and remodel Osteoclast (reabsorption) - unloading, repair, remodeling Osteocyte (maintenance) - mature osteoblast, mineralized osteoblast shrinks can do both but not as well
