Articular System

Question 1

3 structural categories of joints based on binding tissue

Answer 1

1. Fibrous
sutures
syndesmoses
gompohoses
2. Cartilaginous
synchondroses (hyaline cartilage joint)
symphysis (fibrocartilage joint) 
3. Synovial

Question 2

Suture

Answer 2

type of fibrous joint, most stable, synarthroses joint,

Question 3

Syndesmoses

Answer 3

type of fibrous joint, interosseous membrane, may allow for little movement or a lot of movement

Question 4

Gomphosis

Answer 4

collagen fiber binding tissue, bind teeth to the maxilla and mandible

Question 5

Hyaline Cartilage joints

Answer 5

synchondroses - bind costal bones to the only true hyaline cartilage joint is in the first rib

Question 6

Fibrocartilage Joints

Answer 6

symphyses - keeps bones in place but still permit motion, intervetebral disk and pubic symphysis

Question 7

Synovial Joints

Answer 7

most abundant joint in body, allows for the greatest amount of motion, diarthrosis, able to deform, absorb or reduce compressional stress because tissue can resist force but not stress

Question 8

Fibrous joint capsule

Answer 8

holds bone together, made out of collagen fiber to resist tensile forces. made out of dense irregular CT

Question 9

Synovial membrane

Answer 9

thin membrane produces synovial fluid, lines the joint cavity and is easily torn

Question 10

Two functions of Synovial fluid

Answer 10

found in the synovial cavity

1. allows the two surfaces to slid past each other and reduce compressional stress by increasing area
2. articular cartilage has poor blood supply so the synovial fluid nourishes it, but it needs to be forced into the cartilage so movement is necessary.

Question 11

Menisci

Answer 11

Fibrocartliage pads that reduce compressional stress and increase bony fit

Question 12

Types of joint motion

Answer 12

Spinning/rotation - axis is not moving
Translation/sliding - sliding of one bone past another
rolling - joint distraction, movement of the bone in relation to another surface

Question 13

plane joint

Answer 13

only movement allowed is translation, carpal joints and vetebral joint

Question 14

sprain vs strain

Answer 14

strain - tearing of muscle or tendon

sprain - tearing of ligaments and/or joint capsules

Question 15

types of arthritis

Answer 15

rheumatoid arthritis - systemic disease toward many joints

osteoarthritis - inflammation of specific joints

Question 16

pivot joint

Answer 16

uniaxial joint with two primary movements, c1 and c2 and proximal radioulnar joint

Question 17

hinge joint

Answer 17

uniaxial joint with two primary movements, elbow joint and ankle joint

Question 18

Condyloid/ellipsoid

Answer 18

Biaxial joint with 4 primary movements, knee joint and radiocarpal

Question 19

saddle joint

Answer 19

biaxial joint, two concave surfaces articulating with each other, first carpal –> metacarpal

Question 20

ball and socket joint

Answer 20

6 primary movements, glenohumeral and hip joint