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A and P Exam 1 > Tissues > Flashcards

Tissues Flashcards

1
Q

Types of tissue 4

A
  • Epithelial tissue
  • Connective tissue
  • Muscle tissue
  • Nerve tissue
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2
Q

Nervous Tissue

A

internal communication

—brain, spinal cord, nerves

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3
Q

Muscle tissue

A

Contracts to cause movement

  • –attach to bones
  • –muscles of heart
  • –muscle of walls of hollow organs
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4
Q

What does Epithelial tissue do?

A
  • Forms boundaries between different environments
  • protects
  • secretes
  • absorbs
  • filters
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5
Q

Places of Epithelial tissue

A
  • Skin surface(epidermis)

- lining of GI tract organs and other hollow organs

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6
Q

Connective tissue

A
  • Supports
  • protects
  • binds to other tissue
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7
Q

Types of connective tissue

A

Bones
tendons
fat and other soft padding

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8
Q

Type of Epithelial Tissue (Jobs)

A

Covering and lining
—on external and internal surface
Glandular
—secretory tissue in glands

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9
Q

Characteristics of Epithelial Tissue

5

A
  • Free edge (apical/top) and base (bottom)
  • Densely packed cells
  • Supported by connective tissue reticular lamina
  • Avascular but innervated
  • – does not have its own capillaries, but absorbs stuff through the basement from the membrane beneath it
  • High rate of regeneration
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10
Q

How do we classify Epithelia?

A
  1. How many layers
    - –Simple 1 layer
    - –Statified many layers
  2. What shape of cell
    - –squamous-scale like
    - –cuboidal
    - –columnar
    - –If stratified, name according to apical layer
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11
Q

Epithelia: Stratified Cuboidal

A
  • Rare
  • Found in sweat and mammary glands
  • Typically 2 cell layers thick
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12
Q

Epithelia: Stratified Columnar

A
  • Limited distribution
  • Small amounts in pharynx, male urethra, and lining some glandular ducts
  • Also occurs at transition areas between 2 other types of epithelia
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13
Q

Connective Tissue

A

-Most abundant and widely distributed

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14
Q

Classes of Connective Tissue

4

A
  • Connective tissue proper
  • Cartilage
  • Bone tissue
  • Blood
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15
Q

Functions of Connective Tissue-4

A
  • Binding and support
  • Protection
  • Insulation
  • Transportation (blood)
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16
Q

Characteristics of Connective Tissues 3

A
  • Mesenchyme as their common tissue origin
  • Varying degrees of vascularity
  • Cells separated by nonliving extracellular matrix (ground substance and fibers)
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17
Q

Ground Substance
(Element of Connective Tissue)
Definition

A

-Medium through which solutes diffuse between blood capillaries and cells

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18
Q

Ground Substance

Components

A
  • Interstitial fluid
  • Adhesion proteins (glue)
  • Proteoglycans
  • –Protein core + large polysaccharides
  • –trap water in varying amounts,, affecting viscosity of the ground substance
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19
Q

Structural Elements of Connective Tissue

Types of fibers

A
  • Collagen (white)
  • –strongest and most abundant
  • –provides high tensile strength
  • Elastic
  • –Networks of long, thin elastin fivers allow for stretch
  • Reticular
  • –Short, fine, highly branched
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20
Q

Structural Elements of Connective Tissue 3

A

Fibers
Cells
Ground Substance

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21
Q

Structural Element of Connective Tissue

Cells

A

-Mitotically active and secretory cells - “blasts”
-Mature cells - “CYTES”
Examples:
—Fibroblasts in connective tissue
—Chondroblasts and chondrocytes in cartilage
—Osteoblasts and osteocytes in bone
—-Hematopoiectic stem cells in bone marrow
—Fat cells, white blood cells, mast cells, macrophages

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22
Q

Connective Tissue: Embryonic

A

Mesenchyme

  • –Gives rise to all other connective tissue
  • –Gel like ground substance with fibers and star shaped mesenchymal cells
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23
Q

Proper Connective Tissue Types

A

Loose

Dense

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24
Q

Loose Connective Tissue Types

3

A
  • Areolar
  • Adipose
  • Reticular
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25
Dense Connective Tissue Types (3)
Dense regular Dense irregular Elastic
26
Areolar Description
- Gel like matrix with 3 fiber types - Cells: fibroblasts, macrophages, mast cells, white cells - Important roll in inflammation: holds and conveys tissue fluid
27
Areolar Function
Wraps and cushions organs
28
Areolar Location
- Widely distributed under epithelia of body - Packages organs - surrounds capillaries
29
Adipose Tissue Description
Matrix as in areolar but very sparse Closely packed adipocytes or fat cells Nucleous pushed to the side when cell is full
30
Adipose Tissue Function (3)
- Provide reserve food fuel - Insulate against heat loss - support and protect organs
31
Adipose Tissue Location
- Under skin in the hypodermis - around the kidneys and eyeballs - within abdomen and breasts
32
Reticular Tissue Description
Network of reticular fibers in a loose ground substance | Reticular cells lie in the network
33
Reticular Tissue Function
Fibers form a soft internal skeleton that supports other cell types including white blood cells, mast cells, and macrophages
34
Reticular Tissue Location
Lymphoid organs - --lymph nodes - --bone marrow - --spleen
35
Connective Tissue Dense Regular | Description
- Primarily parallel collegen fibers - few elastic fibers - major cell type is fibroblast
36
Connective Tissue Dense Regular Function
- attaches muscle to bones or to muscle - attaches bones to bones - withstands great tensile stress when pulled in 1 direction
37
Connective Tissue Dense Regular Location
- Tendons - Most ligaments - aponeuroses
38
Connective Tissue Dense Irregular Description
- Primarily irregularly arranged college fibers - some elastic fibers - major cell type is fibroblast
39
Connective Tissue Dense Irregular Function
- Able to withstand tension exerted in MANY directions | - provides structural strength
40
Connective Tissue Dense Irregular Location
- Fibrous capsules of organs and joints - Dermis of the skin - submucosa of digestive tract
41
Connective Tissue Dense Elastic Description
Dense regular connective tissue containing a high proportion of elastic fibers
42
Connective Tissue Dense Elastic Function
- Allows recoil of tissue following stretching - Maintains pulsatile flow of blood through arteries - Aides passive recoil of lungs following inspiration
43
Connective Tissue Dense Elastic Location
- Walls of large arteries - Certain ligaments associated with the vertebral column - Walls of the bronchial tubes
44
Connective Tissue Cartilage | Types (3)
- Hyaline cartilage - Elastic cartilage - Fibrocartilage
45
Hyaline Cartilage Description
Amorphous but firm matrix Collagen fibers form an imperceptible network chondroblasts produce the matrix and when mature (chondrocytes) lie in lacunae
46
Hyaline Cartilage Function
- Supports and reinforces - Has resilient cushioning properties - resists compressive stress
47
Hyaline Cartilage Location
-Forms most of the embryonic skeleton -Covers the ends of long bones in joint cavities -forms costal cartilage of the ribs cartilage of the nose, trachea, and larynx
48
Fibrocartilage Description
- Matrix similar to but less firm than hyaline - thick collagen fibers - chondrocytes in lacunae
49
Fibrocartilage Location
- intervertebral discs - pubic symphysis - discs of the knee joint
50
Cartilage Elastic Description
-Similar to hyaline but more elastic fibers in matrix
51
Cartilage Elastic Function
Maintains the shape of structure while allowing flexibility
52
Cartilage Elastic Location
- Supports external ear | - Epiglottis
53
Bone Description
Exceptional ability to support and protect body structure due to hardness. ---Extra collagen fibers and calcium salts found in extracellular matrix
54
Types of Bone (2)
- Compact | - Spongy
55
Bone (osseous tissue) | Description
-Hard, calcified matrix -containing many collagen fibers -osteocytes in lacunae -Very well vascularized LOOKS LIKE TREE RINGS will be on test
56
Bone (osseous tissue) Function
- Support and protect - provides levers for muscles to act on - stores calcium and other minerals and fat - marrow inside bones is the site for blood cell formation
57
Bone (osseous tissue) Location
Bones
58
Blood
- Classified as connective tissue because it develops from mesenchyme - Consists of blood cells and plasma proteins surrounded by blood plasma
59
Muscle Tissue Description
- Highly cellular - well vascularized - responsible for movement
60
Muscle Tissue Types (3)
- Skeletal - Cardiac - Smooth
61
Skeletal Muscle Description (4)
Long Cylindrical multinucleate cells obvious striations
62
Skeletal Muscle Function
- Voluntary movement - --locomotion - --manipulation of the environment - --facial expression - --voluntary control
63
Skeletal Muscle Location
attached to bones | occasionally attached to skin
64
Cardiac Muscle Description
Branching striated generally uninucleate cells that interrogate at specialized junctions
65
Cardiac Muscle Location
Walls of the heart
66
Smooth Muscle Description
Spindle snapped cells with a central nuclei NO STRIATIONS form sheets
67
Smooth Muscle Function
- Propels substances or objects along internal pathways | - Involuntary control
68
Smooth Muscle Location
Walls of hollow organs

A and P Exam 1 (5 decks)

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