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A and P Exam 1 > Tissues > Flashcards

Tissues Flashcards

1
Q

Types of tissue 4

A
  • Epithelial tissue
  • Connective tissue
  • Muscle tissue
  • Nerve tissue
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2
Q

Nervous Tissue

A

internal communication

—brain, spinal cord, nerves

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3
Q

Muscle tissue

A

Contracts to cause movement

  • –attach to bones
  • –muscles of heart
  • –muscle of walls of hollow organs
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4
Q

What does Epithelial tissue do?

A
  • Forms boundaries between different environments
  • protects
  • secretes
  • absorbs
  • filters
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5
Q

Places of Epithelial tissue

A
  • Skin surface(epidermis)

- lining of GI tract organs and other hollow organs

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6
Q

Connective tissue

A
  • Supports
  • protects
  • binds to other tissue
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7
Q

Types of connective tissue

A

Bones
tendons
fat and other soft padding

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8
Q

Type of Epithelial Tissue (Jobs)

A

Covering and lining
—on external and internal surface
Glandular
—secretory tissue in glands

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9
Q

Characteristics of Epithelial Tissue

5

A
  • Free edge (apical/top) and base (bottom)
  • Densely packed cells
  • Supported by connective tissue reticular lamina
  • Avascular but innervated
  • – does not have its own capillaries, but absorbs stuff through the basement from the membrane beneath it
  • High rate of regeneration
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10
Q

How do we classify Epithelia?

A
  1. How many layers
    - –Simple 1 layer
    - –Statified many layers
  2. What shape of cell
    - –squamous-scale like
    - –cuboidal
    - –columnar
    - –If stratified, name according to apical layer
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11
Q

Epithelia: Stratified Cuboidal

A
  • Rare
  • Found in sweat and mammary glands
  • Typically 2 cell layers thick
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12
Q

Epithelia: Stratified Columnar

A
  • Limited distribution
  • Small amounts in pharynx, male urethra, and lining some glandular ducts
  • Also occurs at transition areas between 2 other types of epithelia
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13
Q

Connective Tissue

A

-Most abundant and widely distributed

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14
Q

Classes of Connective Tissue

4

A
  • Connective tissue proper
  • Cartilage
  • Bone tissue
  • Blood
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15
Q

Functions of Connective Tissue-4

A
  • Binding and support
  • Protection
  • Insulation
  • Transportation (blood)
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16
Q

Characteristics of Connective Tissues 3

A
  • Mesenchyme as their common tissue origin
  • Varying degrees of vascularity
  • Cells separated by nonliving extracellular matrix (ground substance and fibers)
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17
Q

Ground Substance
(Element of Connective Tissue)
Definition

A

-Medium through which solutes diffuse between blood capillaries and cells

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18
Q

Ground Substance

Components

A
  • Interstitial fluid
  • Adhesion proteins (glue)
  • Proteoglycans
  • –Protein core + large polysaccharides
  • –trap water in varying amounts,, affecting viscosity of the ground substance
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19
Q

Structural Elements of Connective Tissue

Types of fibers

A
  • Collagen (white)
  • –strongest and most abundant
  • –provides high tensile strength
  • Elastic
  • –Networks of long, thin elastin fivers allow for stretch
  • Reticular
  • –Short, fine, highly branched
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20
Q

Structural Elements of Connective Tissue 3

A

Fibers
Cells
Ground Substance

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21
Q

Structural Element of Connective Tissue

Cells

A

-Mitotically active and secretory cells - “blasts”
-Mature cells - “CYTES”
Examples:
—Fibroblasts in connective tissue
—Chondroblasts and chondrocytes in cartilage
—Osteoblasts and osteocytes in bone
—-Hematopoiectic stem cells in bone marrow
—Fat cells, white blood cells, mast cells, macrophages

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22
Q

Connective Tissue: Embryonic

A

Mesenchyme

  • –Gives rise to all other connective tissue
  • –Gel like ground substance with fibers and star shaped mesenchymal cells
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23
Q

Proper Connective Tissue Types

A

Loose

Dense

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24
Q

Loose Connective Tissue Types

3

A
  • Areolar
  • Adipose
  • Reticular
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25
Q

Dense Connective Tissue Types (3)

A

Dense regular
Dense irregular
Elastic

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26
Q

Areolar Description

A
  • Gel like matrix with 3 fiber types
  • Cells: fibroblasts, macrophages, mast cells, white cells
  • Important roll in inflammation: holds and conveys tissue fluid
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27
Q

Areolar Function

A

Wraps and cushions organs

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28
Q

Areolar Location

A
  • Widely distributed under epithelia of body
  • Packages organs
  • surrounds capillaries
29
Q

Adipose Tissue Description

A

Matrix as in areolar but very sparse
Closely packed adipocytes or fat cells
Nucleous pushed to the side when cell is full

30
Q

Adipose Tissue Function (3)

A
  • Provide reserve food fuel
  • Insulate against heat loss
  • support and protect organs
31
Q

Adipose Tissue Location

A
  • Under skin in the hypodermis
  • around the kidneys and eyeballs
  • within abdomen and breasts
32
Q

Reticular Tissue Description

A

Network of reticular fibers in a loose ground substance

Reticular cells lie in the network

33
Q

Reticular Tissue Function

A

Fibers form a soft internal skeleton that supports other cell types including white blood cells, mast cells, and macrophages

34
Q

Reticular Tissue Location

A

Lymphoid organs

  • –lymph nodes
  • –bone marrow
  • –spleen
35
Q

Connective Tissue Dense Regular

Description

A
  • Primarily parallel collegen fibers
  • few elastic fibers
  • major cell type is fibroblast
36
Q

Connective Tissue Dense Regular Function

A
  • attaches muscle to bones or to muscle
  • attaches bones to bones
  • withstands great tensile stress when pulled in 1 direction
37
Q

Connective Tissue Dense Regular Location

A
  • Tendons
  • Most ligaments
  • aponeuroses
38
Q

Connective Tissue Dense Irregular Description

A
  • Primarily irregularly arranged college fibers
  • some elastic fibers
  • major cell type is fibroblast
39
Q

Connective Tissue Dense Irregular Function

A
  • Able to withstand tension exerted in MANY directions

- provides structural strength

40
Q

Connective Tissue Dense Irregular Location

A
  • Fibrous capsules of organs and joints
  • Dermis of the skin
  • submucosa of digestive tract
41
Q

Connective Tissue Dense Elastic Description

A

Dense regular connective tissue containing a high proportion of elastic fibers

42
Q

Connective Tissue Dense Elastic Function

A
  • Allows recoil of tissue following stretching
  • Maintains pulsatile flow of blood through arteries
  • Aides passive recoil of lungs following inspiration
43
Q

Connective Tissue Dense Elastic Location

A
  • Walls of large arteries
  • Certain ligaments associated with the vertebral column
  • Walls of the bronchial tubes
44
Q

Connective Tissue Cartilage

Types (3)

A
  • Hyaline cartilage
  • Elastic cartilage
  • Fibrocartilage
45
Q

Hyaline Cartilage Description

A

Amorphous but firm matrix
Collagen fibers form an imperceptible network
chondroblasts produce the matrix and when mature (chondrocytes) lie in lacunae

46
Q

Hyaline Cartilage Function

A
  • Supports and reinforces
  • Has resilient cushioning properties
  • resists compressive stress
47
Q

Hyaline Cartilage Location

A

-Forms most of the embryonic skeleton
-Covers the ends of long bones in joint cavities
-forms costal cartilage of the ribs
cartilage of the nose, trachea, and larynx

48
Q

Fibrocartilage Description

A
  • Matrix similar to but less firm than hyaline
  • thick collagen fibers
  • chondrocytes in lacunae
49
Q

Fibrocartilage Location

A
  • intervertebral discs
  • pubic symphysis
  • discs of the knee joint
50
Q

Cartilage Elastic Description

A

-Similar to hyaline but more elastic fibers in matrix

51
Q

Cartilage Elastic Function

A

Maintains the shape of structure while allowing flexibility

52
Q

Cartilage Elastic Location

A
  • Supports external ear

- Epiglottis

53
Q

Bone Description

A

Exceptional ability to support and protect body structure due to hardness.
—Extra collagen fibers and calcium salts found in extracellular matrix

54
Q

Types of Bone (2)

A
  • Compact

- Spongy

55
Q

Bone (osseous tissue)

Description

A

-Hard, calcified matrix
-containing many collagen fibers
-osteocytes in lacunae
-Very well vascularized
LOOKS LIKE TREE RINGS will be on test

56
Q

Bone (osseous tissue) Function

A
  • Support and protect
  • provides levers for muscles to act on
  • stores calcium and other minerals and fat
  • marrow inside bones is the site for blood cell formation
57
Q

Bone (osseous tissue) Location

A

Bones

58
Q

Blood

A
  • Classified as connective tissue because it develops from mesenchyme
  • Consists of blood cells and plasma proteins surrounded by blood plasma
59
Q

Muscle Tissue Description

A
  • Highly cellular
  • well vascularized
  • responsible for movement
60
Q

Muscle Tissue Types (3)

A
  • Skeletal
  • Cardiac
  • Smooth
61
Q

Skeletal Muscle Description (4)

A

Long
Cylindrical
multinucleate cells
obvious striations

62
Q

Skeletal Muscle Function

A
  • Voluntary movement
  • –locomotion
  • –manipulation of the environment
  • –facial expression
  • –voluntary control
63
Q

Skeletal Muscle Location

A

attached to bones

occasionally attached to skin

64
Q

Cardiac Muscle Description

A

Branching
striated
generally uninucleate cells that interrogate at specialized junctions

65
Q

Cardiac Muscle Location

A

Walls of the heart

66
Q

Smooth Muscle Description

A

Spindle snapped cells with a central nuclei
NO STRIATIONS
form sheets

67
Q

Smooth Muscle Function

A
  • Propels substances or objects along internal pathways

- Involuntary control

68
Q

Smooth Muscle Location

A

Walls of hollow organs

A and P Exam 1 (5 decks)

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