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Science for Medicine > Tissues 2 > Flashcards

Tissues 2 Flashcards

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1
Q

Describe the formation of exocrine glands

A

A tube is formed as the cells are still attached to the basal lamina

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2
Q

Describe the formation of endocrine glands

A

Cells lose contact with the surface and become a mass of specialised cells and accumulate around the blood vessels

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3
Q

What types of exocrine gland structure are there?

A
  • Simple

- Compound with many branches

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4
Q

What shape is a tubular gland?

A

Long, thin and relatively straight

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5
Q

What shape is an acing gland?

A

Spherical, like a grape

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6
Q

What types of exocrine glands are there?

A
  • Mucous glands

- Serous glands

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7
Q

Describe the secretions of mucous glands

A
  • Secretion rich in proteoglycans

- Secretion mixed with water gives mucus

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8
Q

Describe the secretions of the serous glands

A
  • Protein rich secretion
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9
Q

What are myoepithelial cells?

A
  • Specialised epithelial cells which have contractile cytoplasm.
  • They play an important role in encouraging secretion of substances into ducts
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10
Q

What is secreted during proteinaceous secretion?

A

Proteins or hormones

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11
Q

Describe steroid endocrine glands

A
  • They cannot store steroid hormones, only keep the precursor, however that can store protein hormones.
  • Steroid hormones made on demand.
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12
Q

What are the parenchyma of liver epithelium?

A

Heptocytes

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13
Q

How are hepatocytes arranged in the liver?

A
  • In rows between blood vessels which allows them to take part in secretion
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14
Q

What are the support epithelial cells in the liver involved in?

A
  • Lining blood vessels

- Lining bile ducts

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15
Q

What are the parenchyma of kidney epithelium?

A

Epithelial cells

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16
Q

How are epithelial cells arranged in the kidney?

A

Organised into nephrons

17
Q

What are the function of epithelial cells in the kidney?

A

Multiple functions:

  • Filtration of blood
  • Partial absorption of filtrate
  • Overall to release urine from the kidney
18
Q

What are the support epithelial cells of the kidney involved in?

A
  • Lining blood vessels

- Lining renal pelvis

19
Q

What classifies as abnormal function of epithelial cells?

A
  • Over proliferation
  • Under proliferation
  • Over secretion
  • Under secretion
  • Loss of cilia/ciliary beat
20
Q

What does the pituitary gland secrete?

A

Growth hormone

21
Q

What is the result of abnormal function of the pituitary gland?

A
  • Over production: Pituitary giantism

- Under production: Pituitary dwarfism

22
Q

How can disease affect the function of the uterine tube?

A
  • It contains singles celled mucous glands
  • When infected with chlamydia trachoma’s thick mucus is produced
  • This can lead to infertility as ovum/sperm become trapped
23
Q

What is considered connective tissue?

A
  • Blood/bone marrow
  • Cartilage
  • Bone
  • Adipose
24
Q

What is connective tissue composed of?

A
  • Fibres (solid rope like)
  • Ground substance (jelly like)
  • Tissue fluid
25
Q

What fibres are in connective tissue?

A
  • Collagen
  • Elastic
  • Reticulin
26
Q

What are the physical propertied of collagen?

A
  • Inelastic but flexible

- Great tensile strength

27
Q

What are 3 types of collagen?

A
  • Type I in tendons
  • Type II in reticulin
  • Type IV in basal lamina
    (non-fibrous)
28
Q

How is collagen formed?

A
  • Fibroblasts produce pro collagen which is acted on by collagenase
  • Produces triple stranded helix
  • Forms collagen fibril
  • Forms collagen fibres
29
Q

Where is reticulin found?

A

Lymph

30
Q

What are elastic fibres made from?

A

Protein elastin

31
Q

How far can elastic fibres stretch?

A

Can stretch to 1.5 times resting length

32
Q

What are the components of elastic fibres?

A
  • Microfibrils

- Amorpous component

33
Q

How are elastic fibres usually found?

A

Generally found in sheets and yellow in colour

34
Q

What does ground substance consist of?

A
  • Proteoglycans (protein core + GAGS)
  • Hyaluronic acid
  • Glycoproteins (laminin, fibronectin)
35
Q

How can connective tissue be classified?

A
  • Loose
  • Dense regular
  • Dense irregular
36
Q

What is loose connective tissue made from?

A

Permanent fixed cells

  • Fibroblasts
  • Macrophages
  • Adiopocytes
  • Mast cells
  • Undifferentiated mesenchyme cells
  • Transient cells
  • WBC
37
Q

What is an example of a dense regular tissue?

A

Tendon

38
Q

What is an example of a dense irregular tissue?

A

Sebaceous gland in the skin

39
Q

Give examples of abnormal functions of connective tissue.

A
  • Blood/bone marrow: leukaemia
  • Loss/dense: loss/abnormal fibres
  • Cartilage: tear
  • Bone: osteoporosis

Science for Medicine (14 decks)

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