Homeostasis 2 Flashcards

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1
Q

Where is the water I our bodies?

A
  • ICF
  • ISF
  • Plasma
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2
Q

What is transcellular fluid?

A

ECF which exists in special areas

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3
Q

How is water disturbed in an average 70Kg, 21yo man?

A

ICF 28L
ISF 11L
Plasma 3L

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4
Q

What is the capillary wall permeable too?

A

Everything except protein

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5
Q

What is the ratio of ISF to plasma?

A

80% of ECF is ISF

20% of ECF is plasma

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6
Q

Why are females considered ‘less wet’?

A

They have a higher proportion of body fat which has less water content than muscle

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7
Q

When do women start to show proportionally less body water than men?

A

From puberty onwards

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8
Q

What is plasma?

A

The fluid component of blood

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9
Q

Why is plasma considered dynamic component of the ECF?

A

It continuously moves through blood vessels by the pumping action of the heart

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10
Q

What is the relationship between plasma and the ISF?

A

Plasma freely exchanges nutrients and waste with the ISF

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11
Q

When does exchange of particles occur?

A
  • As blood passes through the capillaries of the body.

- Large vessels like arteries have walls too thick for exchange

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12
Q

What is the only difference in composition between the plasma and the ISF?

A

Plasma proteins which are too large and therefore restricted to the plasma

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13
Q

What 3 things must be remembered when measuring body fluids?

A
  • Dilution principle
  • Only plasma can be sampled therefore only compartments of which plasma is a component can be measured directly
  • The nature of barriers which separate compartments is crucial in determining the test substance
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14
Q

What are the criteria for test substances in measuring body fluid?

A
  • Non-toxic
  • Evenly distributed int he compartment being measured
  • Must not affect the distribution of water
  • Must be uncharged by the body
  • Must be easy to measure
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15
Q

What compartments can be measured directly using the dilution principle?

A
  • Plasma volume
  • ECF
  • TBW
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16
Q

How can the compartments that cannot be directly sampled be calculated?

A

ISF = ECF - PV

ICF = TBW - ECF

17
Q

How can plasma volume be measured directly?

A

Since plasma proteins cannot cross the capillary walls, can use dyes or radioactive labels that attach to plasma proteins

18
Q

How can ECF volume be measured directly?

A

Need something that freely crosses capillary walls, but cannot cross cell membranes

19
Q

How can TBW be measured directly?

A

There is no barrier to water in the body so can use a loading dose of radioactive water

20
Q

What is the method of practice of dilution principle?

A
  1. Inject a substance that will stay in one compartment only

2. Then calculate the volume of distribution (amount injected divided by the concentration in the sampled fluid)

21
Q

Hyper

A

greater than normal

22
Q

Hypo

A

less than normal

23
Q

Aemia/emia

A

in the blood

24
Q

Uria

A

in the urine

25
Q

Glyc

A

related to glucose

26
Q

What is the result of breakdown of homeostatic control mechanisms?

A
  • Disease states and illness

- Coma and death