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PL SC 221 > Tissues > Flashcards

Tissues Flashcards

1
Q

All tissues that are
neither dermal nor vascular in plants :

A

Ground Tissue.

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2
Q

Tell all components and function of Dermal tissue:

A

Components :
- Epidermis
- Periderm

Function:
- Protection
- Prevent Loss of Water

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3
Q

Tell all components and function of Ground tissue:

A

Components:
- Parenchyma
- Collenchyma
- Sclerenchyma

Functions:
- Metabolism
- Storage
- Support

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4
Q

Tell all components and function of Vascular tissue:

A

Components:
- Xylem
- Phloem

Function:
- Transport

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5
Q

Parenchyma, Collenchyma, and Sclerenchyma are…

A

Simple tissue

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6
Q

Xylem, Phloem, Epidermis, Peridermis, and Secretory Cells and
Tissues are…

A

Complex tissue

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7
Q

Parenchyma

A
  • Most abundant tissue find in plants.
    -have large vacuoles
  • may contain: Starch grains, Oils, Tannins, Crystals, and Other secretions.
    -Mostly found in aquatic and wetland plants.
    -Parenchyma cells have spaces between
    them.
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8
Q

Parenchyma tissue with extensive connected air spaces is referred to as…

A

Aerenchyma
(give plant ability and stability to float)

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9
Q

Parenchyma cells containing numerous chloroplasts and tissues functioning mainly in photosynthesis:

A

Chlorenchyma

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10
Q

Chlorenchyma vs. Aerenchyma

A

Chlorenchyma –> lot of chloroplast

Aerenchyma –> lot of air cavity

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11
Q

What parenchyma is capable of:

A
  • Mature parenchyma cells can divide long after they were produced by a meristem. Parenchyma cells live a long time.
  • When a cutting (segment of stem) is induced to grow, parenchyma cells start dividing and give rise to new roots.
  • Capacity of Parenchyma cells to multiply is important in repair of tissues.
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12
Q

Collenchyma cells :

A
  • Have living cytoplasm
    and may remain alive a long time.
  • Generally thicker walls and more uneven in thickness than those of
    parenchyma cells. Unevenness due to extra primary wall in corners.
  • Often occur just beneath
    the epidermi.
  • flexible support for growing organs and mature organs.
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13
Q

Sclerenchyma tissue :

A
  • Cells have thick, tough,
    secondary walls, normally
    impregnated with lignin.
    _ Cells are dead at maturity and function in support
  • Two forms of sclerenchyma occur :
  • Sclereids
  • Fibers
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14
Q

Are the reduced form of
sclerenchyma cells with highly thickened, lignified walls. May be randomly distributed in other tissues….

A

Sclereids (stone cells)

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15
Q

May be found in association with
different tissues in roots, stems, leaves, and fruits.
They are usually much longer than wide and have a proportionately tiny cavity, or lumen,
in the center of the cell…

A

Fibers

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16
Q

Main transport
systems of plants. Typically occur together in vascular bundles in all plant organs.

A

Xylem and Phloem

17
Q

Xylem

A
  • Transports water and minerals absorbed by the roots throughout
    all organs.
  • Consists of a combination of:
  • Parenchyma cells
  • Fibers
  • Vessels
  • Tracheids
  • Ray cells
18
Q

Vessels

A
  • Have thick secondary
    cell walls and are open at their ends.
  • Stacked end-on-end to form long tubes.
  • Perforation plate with bars or holes may be found between the end walls of each pair of vessels elements.
19
Q
  • Found in Vessels
  • Flow of fluid through the vessels is not blocked by it.
  • But may block the
    movement of objects, such as fungal spores that may invade the xylem.

What is it ?

A

Perforation Plates

20
Q

Tracheids

A
  • Dead at maturity and have thick secondary cell walls.
  • Ends overlapping with those of other tracheids.
  • Usually, pairs of pits are present wherever two
    tracheids are in contact with one another.
  • Pits allow water to pass from cell to cell.
21
Q

Ray Cells

A
  • Lateral conduction takes place in the rays.
  • Long-lived parenchyma cells produced in horizontal rows by
    special ray initials of the vascular cambium
  • Function in food storage
22
Q

Phloem

A
  • Phloem tissue conducts dissolved food materials (primarily sugars) PS throughout the plant.
  • Composed mostly of 2 types of cells without secondary walls : Sieve tube members (relatively large and cylindrical) and Companion cells(narrower)
  • Includes fibers, parenchyma, and ray cells
  • End walls full of small pores (sieve plates) through which the cytoplasm extends
    from cell to cell.
23
Q

Sieve tubes members

A
  • No nuclei at maturity
  • Cytoplasm very active in conduction of food materials.
  • Laid end to end in Phloem.
24
Q

Companion cells

A
  • Found in Phloem
  • Form a close relationship with the sieve tubes and aid in the conduction of the food.
25
Q

Sieve cells

A
  • Similar to sieve tube members but tend to
    overlap at their ends rather than form continuous tubes
  • Found in ferns and cone-bearing trees
  • Have no nuclei at maturity and no adjacent companion cells
  • Have adjacent albuminous cells (Equivalent to companion cells)
26
Q

Dermal Tissues

A
  • Meristematic tissues
  • The outer layer of tissue
    surrounding the entire plant,
    covers and protects the plant, and
    controls gas exchange and water
    absorption.
27
Q

Epidermis

A
  • The outermost layer of
    cells of all young plant
    organs.
  • Since it is in direct contact with the environment, it is subject to modification by the environment and often includes several different kinds of cells.
  • one cell thick
28
Q

Vallen roots

A
  • Few plants produce aerial roots called
    velamen roots.
  • The epidermis may be several cells thick, with the outer cells functioning something like a sponge.
29
Q

Cutin

A
  • Fatty substance within and on the outer
    walls
  • Forms a protective layer called the
    cuticle
  • The epidermis secrets a wax on top
    of the cuticle
  • Prevents water loss
  • Protects from bacteria and other
    disease organisms
30
Q

They are ubular extensions of roots formed by epidermal cells. They greatly increase the absorptive area of the surface.
Some of different nature occur on the
epidermis (Trichomes) of above-ground
parts of plants.
What are they ?

A

Root Hairs

31
Q

The stomata are bordered by pairs of specialized epidermal cells called…
Differ in shape from other epidermal cells
Contain chloroplasts.

A

Guard Cells

32
Q

Other epidermal cells

A
  • Glands that secrete protective or other
    substances
  • Hairs that either reduce water loss or repel insects
    and animals
33
Q

Periderm

A
  • In woody plants, the epidermis is sloughed off and replaced by a periderm after the cork cambium begins producing new tissues that increase the girth of the stem or root.
  • Constitutes the outer bark, primarily
    composed of somewhat rectangular and boxlike cork cells, which are dead at maturity.
  • While the cytoplasm of cork cells is
    functioning, it secretes a fatty substance,
    suberin, into the walls.
  • Makes cork cells waterproof and helps
    them protect the phloem and other tissues
    beneath the bark from:
  • Drying out
  • Mechanical injury
  • Freezing temperatures
34
Q

Lenticels

A
  • Loosely arranged parenchyma cells
    that are not impregnated with
    suberin.
  • Function in gas exchange between
    the air and the interior of the stem.
35
Q

Secretory Cells and Tissues

A
  • Cells or tissues often derived from
    parenchyma, can occur in various places in a plant.
  • Common secretory tissues include those that secrete:
    • Nectar in flowers;
    • Oils in citrus, mint, and other leaves;
    • Mucilage in the glandular hairs of sundews and other insect-trapping plants
    • Latex in members of several plant families, such as the Spurge Family
    • Resins in coniferous plants, such as pine trees

PL SC 221 (5 decks)

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