Angiosperm Morphology and Meristems

Question 1

What are 2 seed bearing plants?

Answer 1

Gymnosperms (Cone bearing plants)
Angiosperms (Flowering plants)

Question 2

What does Gymnosperm means ?
What about Agiosperm?

Answer 2

Gymnosperm means naked seed.
Angiosperm means enclosed seed

Question 3

Describes all Dicots characteristic:

Answer 3

• Two seed leaves
• Netted leaf veins
• Flower parts in 4s & 5s
• Primary taproot
• Stem vascular bundles are in a ring
• Pollen mostly tricolpate (three pores)
  > 50% are woody

Question 4

Describes all Monocots characteristic:

Answer 4

-One seed leaf
-Parallel leaf veins
- Flower parts in 3s
- Fibrous root system
- Stem vascular bundles are scattered
- Pollen mostly monosulcate (single pore)
< 10% woody

Question 5

Dicots Morphology & Meristem:

Answer 5

shoot system above ground : leaves, stems, buds, flowers, fruits.
Root system below ground: roots

Question 6

What is the meristem?

Answer 6

A tissue that contains
actively dividing cells.

Question 7

What are the 4 types of meristem ?

Answer 7

• Apical Meristems
• Axillary buds have axillary meristems
• Lateral meristems
• Intercalary meristems

Question 8

What is the Apical Meristems?

Answer 8

The apical meristem is a primary
meristem which through cell division adds
to the shoot length (height). Situated at the top of shoot tip’s plant.

Question 9

What each leaf consist of ?

Answer 9

Each leaf consists of a blade (lamina) and
stalk (petiole) and attaches to the stem at
a node.

Question 10

What is region of stem between two nodes?

Answer 10

internode

Question 11

What is between leaf petiole and the stem ?

Answer 11

An Axillary bud (contains an axillary meristem).

Question 12

Axillary bud

Answer 12

• Can give rise to an axillary branch or flowers
• Axillary buds may remain dormant – under
  hormonal control (Auxins)

Question 13

What the root system consist of ?

Answer 13

• The root system consists of a primary or tap root and a series of lateral roots branching from it.
• At the tip of each root is a root apical meristem, a primary meristem adding to root length.

Question 14

Monocot Morphology :

Answer 14

When shoot is vegetative, the shoot apex (apical meristem) is very close to soil level and not obvious (a protected meristem)
* The vegetative apical meristem produces leaves inserted at nodes - the internodes are very
short, 1 to 2 mm, so no obvious stem.

Question 15

Monocot morphology in Grasses :

Answer 15

• Leaves consist of a blade and a sheath
• There is an axial (axillary)
  bud in each leaf axial which can give rise to a branch (tiller).

Question 16

What is a tiller ?

Answer 16

Basic unit of a grass, arise from axillary buds
located at basal apical meristem, refer to all shoots that arise after initial parental shoot grow from seed.

Question 17

Monocot Root system :

Answer 17

• Fibrous root system.
• Initial seminal root
  system (seed roots) are
  replaced with an adventitious root system
  that arises from the nodes
  at the base of the stem.

Question 18

What is an Intercalary meristem ?

What it does ?

Where does it occurs ?

Answer 18

-It’s a meristem between two differentiated tissues.

-Facilitates longitudinal growth of plant organ.
pical meristem.

-Occur in the region of the nodes of grasses and are
responsible for (stem) culm extension.

Question 19

What happens when the grass plant becomes
reproductive ?

Answer 19

• The apical meristem
  stops producing leaves and forms into the flowering structures
• The internodes elongate and push the flowers upwards on the true stalk or culm.

Question 20

What is lateral meristem ?

What it does ?

Answer 20

• Vascular cambium and cork cambium are lateral meristems.
• Produce tissues that increase the girth (diameter/width) of roots and stems (secondary growth).

Question 21

What the vascular cambium produces?

Answer 21

Produces additional vascular tissue, secondary xylem and secondary
phloem.

Question 22

What the cork cambium produces in woody species?

Answer 22

In woody species, the cork cambium produces the outer bark.