TISSUES Flashcards
Group of cells with similar structure and function
TISSUE
Four primary types of tissues
∙ Epithelium
∙ Connective tissue
∙ Nervous tissue
∙ Muscle
∙ Found in different areas
∙Body coverings
∙Body linings
∙Glandular tissue
EPITHELIAL TISSUE
Functions of epithelial tissues
∙Protection
∙Absorption
∙Filtration
∙Secretion
(have no blood supply)
Avascular
Number/types of cell layers of epithelium tissue
∙Simple – one layer
∙Stratified – more than
one layer
Shapes of epithelium cells
∙Squamous – flattened
∙Cuboidal – cube-shaped
∙Columnar – column-like
∙Single layer of flat
cells
∙Usually forms
membranes
∙Lines body
cavities
∙Lines lungs and
capillaries
Simple squamous
∙Single layer of
cube-like cells
∙Common in
glands and their
ducts
∙Forms walls
of kidney tubules
∙Covers the
ovaries
Simple cuboidal
∙Single layer of tall
cells
∙Often includes
goblet cells, which
produce mucus
∙Lines digestive
tract
Simple columnar
∙Single layer, but
some cells are
shorter than others
∙Often looks like a
double cell layer
∙Sometimes ciliated,
such as in the
respiratory tract
∙ May function in
absorption or
secretion
Pseudostratified Ciliated columnar epithelium
Cells at the free edge are
flattened
∙ Found as a protective
covering where friction is
common
∙ Can be keratinized or
non-keratinized
∙ Locations
∙ Skin
∙ Mouth
∙ Esophagus
Stratified squamous
Two layers of cuboidal cells (ex. Lining of
sweat glands)
Stratified cuboidal
Surface cells are columnar, cells
underneath vary in size and shape (ex.
conjunctiva, pharynx, anus, and male urethra)
Stratified columnar
∙Shape of cells depends
upon the amount of
stretching
∙Lines organs of the
urinary system
Transitional epithelium
one or more cells that
secretes a particular product
Gland
∙Ductless
∙Secretions are hormones
Endocrin gland
∙Empty through ducts to the
epithelial surface
∙ Include sweat and oil glands
Exocrine gland
Found everywhere in the body
∙ Includes the most abundant and widely
distributed tissues
∙ Functions
∙Binds body tissues together
∙Supports the body
∙Provides protection
Connective tissue
∙Non-living material that surrounds living
cells
Extracellural matrix
mostly water along
with adhesion proteins and polysaccharide
molecules
Ground substance
∙Produced by the cells
∙Three types
∙Collagen fibers
∙Elastic fibers
∙Reticular fibers
Fibers
very strong, comparable to iron or steel but they are
very tiny. These are the thickest and strongest of the
3 fibers. (Ex. Tendons & ligaments)
Collagen fibers
Thin collagen coated with glycoprotein.
∙ found in organs that have lots of mesh-like internal
structure. (Ex. Kidneys, Spleen, lymph nodes, bone
marrow)
Reticular fibers
Thinner, stretch and recoil and contain a rubberlike
protein called elastin. (Found in the dermis of the skin
and in the periosteum)
Elastic fibers
∙Most common
cartilage
∙Composed of:
∙Abundant collagen
fibers
∙Rubbery matrix
∙Entire fetal skeleton
is hyaline cartilage
Hyaline cartilage
∙Provides elasticity
∙Example: supports the
external ear
Elastic cartilage
∙Highly compressible
∙Example: forms
cushion-like discs
between vertebrae
Fibrocartilage
∙Main matrix element
is collagen fibers
∙Cells are fibroblasts
Dense connective tissues
attach
muscle to bone
Tendon
attach
bone to bone
Ligaments
Main function is to hold organs
in place and attaches epithelial
tissue to other underlying
tissues.
∙ Most widely distributed
connective tissue
∙ Soft, pliable tissue
∙ Contains all fiber types
∙ Can soak up excess fluid
Areolar connective tissue
∙Matrix is an areolar tissue in which fat
globules predominate
∙Many cells contain
large lipid deposits
∙Functions
∙ Insulates the body
∙ Protects some organs
∙ Serves as a site of
fuel storage
Adipose tissue
∙ Delicate network of
interwoven fibers
∙Forms stroma
(internal supporting
network) of
lymphoid organs ∙ Lymph nodes ∙Spleen ∙Bone marrow
Reticular connective tissue
∙Blood cells
surrounded by fluid
matrix
∙Fibers are visible
during clotting
∙Functions as the
transport vehicle
for materials
Blood
Function is to produce movement
Muscle tissue
Three types of muscular tissue
∙Skeletal muscle
∙Cardiac muscle
∙Smooth muscle
∙Can be controlled
voluntarily
∙Cells attach to
connective tissue
∙Cells are striated
∙Cells have more than
one nucleus
Skeletal muscle
∙Found only in the
heart
∙Function is to pump
blood (involuntary)
∙ Cells attached to
other cardiac muscle
cells at intercalated
disks
∙ Cells are striated
∙One nucleus per cell
Cardiac muscle
∙Involuntary muscle
∙Surrounds hollow
organs
∙Attached to other
smooth muscle cells
∙No visible striations
∙One nucleus per cell
Smooth muscle
∙ Neurons and nerve support cells
∙ Function is to send impulses to other
areas of the body
Nervous tissue
The ability of the cell to receive
and respond to a stimulus
Irritability
∙ the ability of neurons to transmit
signals from one neuron to
other neurons and from a
neuron to muscles and glands
Conductivity
∙Replacement of destroyed tissue by the
same kind of cells
Regeneration
∙Repair by dense fibrous connective tissue
(scar tissue)
Fibrosis
