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ANAPHY MIDTERM > DIGESTIVE SYSTEM > Flashcards

DIGESTIVE SYSTEM Flashcards

1
Q

consumption of solid or liquid food,
usually through mouth

A

Ingestion

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2
Q

breakdown of large organic molecules
into smaller molecules that can be absorbed.
(Chemical & Mechanical Digestion)

A

Digestion

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3
Q

movement of molecules out of the
digestive tract and into the blood.

A

Absorption

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4
Q

removal of undigested material,
such as fiber from food, plus other waste products
from the body as feces

A

Elimination

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5
Q

Two main groups of the digestive system

A

Alimentary canal – continuous coiled
hollow tube (about 30ft long)

Accessory digestive organs

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6
Q

Organs of the Alimentary Canal

A

Mouth
∙ Pharynx
∙ Esophagus
∙ Stomach
∙ Small intestine
∙ Large intestine
∙ Anus

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7
Q

protect
the anterior opening

A

Lips (labia)

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8
Q

form the
lateral walls

A

Cheeks

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9
Q

forms
the anterior roof

A

Hard palate

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10
Q

forms
the posterior roof

A

Soft palate

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11
Q

fleshy
projection of the soft
palate

A

Uvula

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12
Q

space
between lips
externally and teeth
and gums internally

A

Vestibule

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13
Q

area
contained by the
teeth

A

Oral cavity

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14
Q

attached
at hyoid and styloid
processes of the
skull, and by the
lingual frenulum

A

Tongue

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15
Q

2 types of tonsil

A

Palatins and lingual tonsil

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16
Q

The chewing of food

A

Mastication

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17
Q

not part of the
digestive system

A

Nasopharynx

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18
Q

posterior to oral
cavity

A

Oropharynx

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19
Q

below the oropharynx
and connected to
the esophagus

A

Laryngopharynx

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20
Q

Serves as a passageway for air and
food

A

Pharynx

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21
Q

Food is propelled to the esophagus by
two muscle layers

A

∙Longitudinal inner layer
∙Circular outer layer

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22
Q

Runs from pharynx to stomach
through the diaphragm

A

Esophagus

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23
Q

∙Innermost layer
∙Moist membrane
∙Surface epithelium
∙Small amount of
connective tissue
(lamina propria)
∙Small smooth muscle
layer Copyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as

A

Mucosa

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24
Q

∙Just beneath the mucosa
∙Soft connective tissue with blood
vessels, nerve endings, and lymphatics

A

Submucosa

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25
Q

smooth
muscle
∙Inner circular layer
∙Outer longitudinal layer

A

Muscularis externa

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26
Q

∙Outermost layer – visceral peritoneum
∙Layer of serous fluid-producing cells

A

Serosa

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27
Q

Acts as a storage tank for food
∙ Site of food breakdown
∙ Chemical breakdown of protein begins
∙ Delivers chyme (processed food) to the small intestine
Located on the
left side of the
abdominal
cavity

A

Stomach

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28
Q

Regions of the stomach

A

∙Cardiac region – near the heart
∙Fundus
∙Body
∙Pylorus – funnel-shaped terminal end

29
Q

internal folds of
the mucosa

A

Rugae

30
Q

The body’s major digestive
organ
∙ Site of nutrient absorption into
the blood
∙ Muscular tube extending form
the pyloric sphincter to the
ileocecal valve
∙ About 6 meters (20
feet) long

A

Small intestine

31
Q

∙Attached to the stomach
∙Curves around the head of the pancreas

A

Duodenum

32
Q

∙Attaches anteriorly to the duodenum

A

Jejunum

33
Q

∙Extends from jejunum to large intestine

A

Illeum

34
Q

Fingerlike
structures formed
by the mucosa
∙ Give the small
intestine more
surface area

A

Villi of small intestines

35
Q

Small projections of the
plasma membrane
∙ Found on absorptive cells

A

Microvilli

36
Q

Deep folds of the mucosa and
submucosa
∙ Do not disappear when filled with food
∙ The submucosa has Peyer’s
patches (collections of lymphatic
tissue)

A

Circular folds/Plicae circulares

37
Q

Larger in
diameter, but
shorter than the
small intestine
∙ Frames the
internal abdomen

A

Large intestine

38
Q

saclike first part of the large
intestine

A

Cecum

39
Q

∙Accumulation of lymphatic tissue that
sometimes becomes inflamed
(appendicitis)
∙Hangs from the cecum

A

Appendix

40
Q

external body
opening

A

Anus

41
Q

Accessory Digestive Organs

A

Salivary glands
∙ Teeth
∙ Pancreas
∙ Liver
∙ Gall bladder

42
Q

Mixture of mucus and serous fluids
∙ Helps to form a food bolus
∙ Contains salivary amylase to
begin starch digestion
∙ Dissolves chemicals so they can be
tasted

A

Saliva

43
Q

The role is to masticate (chew) food
∙ Humans have two sets of teeth
∙Deciduous (baby or milk) teeth
∙20 teeth are fully formed by age two

A

Teeth

44
Q

Classification of Teeth

A

Incisors
∙ Canines
∙ Premolars
∙ Molars

45
Q

exposed part
∙Outer enamel
∙ Dentin
∙Pulp cavity

A

Crown

46
Q

Region in contact
with the gum
∙ Connects crown to
root

A

Neck

47
Q

∙Periodontal
membrane
attached to the
bone
∙Root canal
carrying blood
vessels and
nerves

A

Root

48
Q

Produces a wide spectrum of digestive
enzymes that break down all categories of
food

A

Pancreas

49
Q

Endocrine products of pancreas

A

Insulin and glucagons

50
Q

Largest gland in the body
∙ Located on the right side of the body
under the diaphragm

A

Liver

51
Q

Produced by cells in the liver
∙ About 600-1000 mL is produced per day
∙ Composition
∙ Bile salts
∙ Bile pigment (mostly bilirubin from the
breakdown of hemoglobin)
∙ Cholesterol
∙ Phospholipids
∙ Electrolytes

A

Bile

52
Q

Sac found in hollow fossa of liver
∙ Stores bile from the liver by way of the
cystic duct (45ml)
∙ Bile is introduced into the duodenum in
the presence of fatty food
∙ Gallstones can cause blockages

A

Gallbladder

53
Q

moving foods from
one region of the digestive system
to another

A

Propulsion

54
Q

alternating waves of
contraction

A

Peristalsis

55
Q

moving materials back
and forth to aid in
mixing

A

Segmentation

56
Q

∙Mixing of food in the mouth by the tongue
∙Churning of food in the stomach
∙Segmentation in the small intestine

A

Mechanical digestion

57
Q

∙Enzymes break down food molecules
into their building blocks
∙Each major food group uses
different enzymes

A

Chemical digestion

58
Q

∙End products of digestion are absorbed
in the blood or lymph
∙Food must enter mucosal cells and
then into blood or lymph capillaries

A

Absorption

59
Q

∙Elimination of indigestible substances
as feces

A

Defecation

60
Q

∙Food is physically broken down by chewing

A

Mechanical breakdown

61
Q

∙Food is mixed with saliva
∙Breaking of starch into maltose by salivary
amylase

A

Chemical breakdown

62
Q

∙Involuntary transport of the bolus
∙All passageways except to the stomach
are blocked
∙Tongue blocks off the mouth
∙Soft palate (uvula) blocks the
nasopharynx
∙Epiglottis blocks the larynx

A

Pharyngeal-esophageal
phase

63
Q

an active protein
digesting enzyme

A

Pepsin

64
Q

works on digesting milk
protein

A

Rennin

65
Q

2 Local hormones

A

∙Secretin
∙Cholecystokinin

66
Q

Chemical reactions necessary to
maintain life

A

Metabolism

67
Q

substances are broken
down to simpler substances (Ex.
Glycolysis)

A

Catabolism

68
Q

larger molecules are built
from smaller ones (Ex. Bone
Development)

A

Anabolism

ANAPHY MIDTERM (3 decks)

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