Tissues Flashcards
What is a tissue
A tissue is a collection of cells that perform a similar function
4 basic types of tissue
Epithelia
Connective
Nerve
Muscular tissue
Germ cell has how many layers
3
Layers of the germ cell
Ectoderm
Mesoderm
Endoderm
Internal layer of the germ cell
Endoderm
External layer of the germ cell
Ectoderm
Middle layer of germ cell
Mesoderm
Epithelia cells do what ?
Cover or line all body cavities and tubes
Epithelia cells form the functional unit of
The functional unit of secretory glands
Why are epithelia cells called glandular epithelia
They form the functional unit of secretory glands
Characteristics of epithelia tissues
They do not have blood vessels but they soak up nutrients from neighboring connective tissues
. They have lot of nerves
They are good at self regeneration
Closely attached (like the tiles on the ground) to one another, thus forming a protective barrier.
Functions of epithelia tissue
To protect the tissue that like beneath it from radiation, physical trauma, pathogens
— to provide sensations
— filter the kidney
— form secretory glands
Epithelia is classified into
2: according to thickness
According to shape
Classification of epithelia according to thickness
Simple— one cell layer
Stratified— more than one layer of cell
Classification of epithelia according to shape:
Squamous
Cuboidal
Columnar
The simplest epithelia
Is simple squamous
Location of simple squamous
Alveoli of lungs
Lining blood cavities
Lining blood vessels
Simple squamous has what type of nuclei
A disc shaped nuclei
Functions of simple squamous
Passive transport of gases and fluids
Simple cuboidal has what nucleus
Large spherical nucleus
Function of simple cuboidal
Secretion abs absorption
Location of simple cuboidal
Kidney tubules
Ovary surfaces
Secretory portions of glands
Simple columnar epithelia has 2 types
Ciliated columnar
Non ciliated columnar
Simple columnar has what nuclei
Oval nuclei
Functions of simple columnar
Absorbtion and secretion of mucus
Secretion of enzymes
Goblet cellls do what
Secrete mucus
Location of simple columnar
Digestive tract
Gall bladders
Stratified squamous epithelia functions
Protection
Location of stratified squamous epithelia
Oral cervix; oral cavity canal
Stratified squamous is found in areas of the body
That are subject to friction
Stratified cuboidal functions
Protection
Stratified cuboidal epithelia locations
Salivary glands
Sweat gland
Mammary gland
Stratified columnar epithelia functions
Protection
Stratified columnar location
It is rare in the body but found in small amount in males urethra
Pesudostratified columnar functions
Secretes mucus
Location of pseudostfatified
Lines of trachea
Translational epithelia also known as
Uroepithelial
Functions of transitional epithelia
Stretching and protection
Location of transitional epithelia
Bladder and part of urethra
Connective tissues are ?
Tissues that connect the different parts of the body together
Connective tissues has a major constituent
Extra cellular matrix
Fibers
Ground substance
Functions of connective tissues
Support and binding of tissues
Storing nutrients as fats
Holding body fluid
Defending the body against infection
Classification of connective tissues
Connective tissue Proper:
Loose: areolar, adipose, reticular
Dense: regular, irregular, elastic
2. Cartilage- hyaline
Elastic cartilage
Fibrocartilage
3. Bone: compact
Spongy bone
4. Blood
Areolar is distributed
Under epithelia
Surrounds capillaries
Areolar is a
Gel like matrix with all 3 fiber types
Functions of areolar
It’s macrophages, phagocytize bacteria
Holds and convey tissue fluid
Helps to keep blood vessel in place
Adipose is found
Under skin
Around kidneys
in breast
Within abdomen
Reticular tissue functions
It’s supports other cells
Reticular tissue location
Lymphoid organs
Bone marrow
Macrophages
Dense. Irregular has primarily
Irregular arranged collagen fibers, some elastic fibers.
Functions of dense irregular :
Elasticity and structural support
Location of dense irregular tissue
Dermis of skin
Submucosa of digestive tract and joint
Dense regular tissue location
Tendons
Ligaments
Tendons attach
Muscle to bones
Ligaments attach
Bone to bones
Dense reticular has primarily
Collagen fibers, a few elastin fibers
Hyaline cartilage is
Amorphous but firm matrix
Functions of hyaline cartilage
Resist compressive stress
Forms most of the embryonic skeleton
Support
Location of hyaline cartilage
Embryonic skeleton
End of long bones
Cartilage of bones
Elastic cartilage ?
Has elastic fibers
Functions of elastic cartilage
Maintains Shape and allows flexibility
Location of elastic cartilage
Supports the external ear pina
Fibrocartilage ?
Has mostly collagen fibers
Function of Fibrocartilage
Absorb shock
Compress shock
High tensile strength
Location of Fibrocartilage
Disc of knee joint
Intervertebral disc
Functions of blood
Transport respiratory gases, waste and other substances
Location of blood
In the blood vessels
Muscle tissue types
Smooth
Cardiac
Skeletal
Characteristics of muscle
Excitability
Contractility
Extensibility
Elasticity
The ability to shorten when adequately stimulated
Contractility
The defining property of muscle tissue
Contractility
The ability to be stretched
Extensibility
The ability to resume original position after being stretched
Elasticity
Skeletal muscle has what nuclei
Multiple nuclei
Is skeletal muscle striated
Yes. It has long striations
Functions of skeletal muscle tissue
Contraction for voluntary movement.
Is skeletal muscle voluntary or involuntary
It’s voluntary
Smooth muscle has what nucleus
Single nucleus
Functions of smooth muscle
Propulsion of substances along internal passage ways
Location of smooth muscle tissue
Found in the walls of internal organs ( blood vessels, stomach , digestive systems, tube of reproductive systems)
Cardiac muscle are not striated true or false
False . It has cross striations
Smooth muscle have striations. True or false ?
False
Function of cardiac muscle
Pumping of blood in the circulatory system
Muscle tissues that are striated
Skeletal
Cardiac
Muscle tissues with single nucleus
Cardiac
Smooth
Muscle tissues with multiple nucleus
Skeletal
Composition of nerve tissues ?
The nerve cells or neurons
The neuroglia
Locations of neurons
Brain, spinal cord and nerves
Functions of Neurons
Transmit electrical signals from sensory receptors to effectors
Functions of glial cells
They carry nutrients
Speed repair
Provide myelin sheath for axons
The epithelia membrane that lines the body cavities that are exposed to the outside of the body is called
Mucous membrane