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Human Structure and Function I > Tissues > Flashcards

Tissues Flashcards

1
Q

The types of basic tissues

A
  • Epithelial
  • Connective
  • Muscle
  • Nervous
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2
Q

Functions of epithelium

A
  • Protection from dehydration
  • Absorption / secretion
  • Filtration
  • Forms slippery surfaces
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3
Q

Characteristics of epithelia

A
  • Cellularity
  • Specialised contacts
  • Polarity
  • Support by connective tissues
  • Avascular
  • Regeneration
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4
Q

Classifications

A

Surface Epithelia nad Glandular Epithelia

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5
Q

First and Last Name Classifications

A

Simple and stratified
Squamous, cuboidal, columnar

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6
Q

Simple Squamous Epithelium

A

A single layer of flat cells with disc-shaped nuclei.
Endothelium: the thin and flattened lining of hollow organs.
Mesothelium: lines serous or ventral cavities and covers the visceral organs of those cavities.

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7
Q

Function of Simple Squamous

A
  • Passage of materials by passive diffusion and filtration
  • Secrets lubricating substances in serosae
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8
Q

Location of Squamous Epithelium

A
  • Alveoli of lungs,
  • Lining of heart, blood and lymphatic vessels,
  • Lining of ventral body cavity
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9
Q

Simple Cuboidal Epithelium

A

Description: single layer of cube-like cells with large, spherical central nuclei,
Function: secretion and absorption
Location: kidney tubules, secretory portions of small glands, salivary glands and pancreas and ovary surface.

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10
Q

Simple Columnar Epithelium

A

Description: single-layer of column-shaped cells with oval nuclei. Some bear cilia at their apical surface and many contain goblet cells.
Function: absorption; secretion of mucus, enzymes and other substances. Ciliated type propels mucus or reproductive cells by ciliary action.
Location: non-ciliated: gallbladder, ducts of some glands. Ciliated: small bronchi, uterine tubes and uterus

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11
Q

Stratified Epithelia

A

Contains two or more layers
- Keratinised - contain protective protein keratin.
- Non-keratinised - forms the moist lining of body openings and times were is wear and tear.
Function: protects underlying tissues in areas subject to abrasion
Locations;
- Keratinised: forms epidermis
Non-keratinised: forms lining of the oesophagus, mouth, anal canal and vagina.

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12
Q

Stratified Cuboidal

A
  • Generally two layers of cube-shaped cells
  • Function: protection
  • Location: ducts of sweat glands, mammary glands and salivary glands.
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13
Q

Stratified Columnar

A

Function: protection and secretion
Locations: rare tissue type, male urethra and large ducts of some glands.

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14
Q

Pseudostratified Columnar

A

In one layer of cells, nuclei are at different levels.
Function: secretion of mucus
Location: -Non ciliated: ducts of male reproductive tubes
Ciliated: lines trachea and most of upper respiratory tract.

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15
Q

Transitional

A

Basal cells are usually cuboidal or columnar,
Superficial cells are dome-shaped
Function: stretches to permit distention of urinary bladder
Location: Urinary bladder. part of urethra, ureters

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16
Q

How to distinct between transitional and squamous

A

Transitional are three or four layers while squamous are multiple since they are stratified.

17
Q

Exocrine Glands

A

Ducts carry products of exocrine glands to the epithelial surface:
- Mucus-sweating glands,
- Sweat and oil glands,
- Salivary glands

18
Q

Endocrine Glands

A

Secrete substances directly into the bloodstream
Produce hormones
Examples: pituitary, adrenal, thyroid.

19
Q

Extracellular Matrix

A

Mainly composed of ground substances like water and adhesive proteins and charged polysaccharides.

20
Q

Fibrillar components

A

Collagen (tensile support)
Elastic (stretchable fibre)
Reticular (very fine collagen fibres; forms internal skeleton)

21
Q

Connective tissue

A

Most diverse tissue,
- Connective tissue proper,
- Cartilage,
- Bone tissue,
- Blood.

22
Q

Connective tissue proper

A

Functions:
- Support and binding of other tissues,
- Hoping body fluids,
- Defending the body against infection.

  • Formed of loose and dense connective tissue.
23
Q

Areolar Connective Tissue

A
  • Gel-like matrix with all three protein fibre types.
    Function:
  • Wraps and cushions organs - support,
  • Holds and conveys tissue fluid,
  • Important role in inflammation

Location:
- Widely distributed under epithelia,
- Packages organs,
- Surrounds capillaries and small nerves.

24
Q

Adipose Tissue

A

Insulation and protection of the body and some organs
- Peripheral nuclei.

25
Q

Reticular Tissue

A
  • Network of interwoven reticular fibres
26
Q

Dense Connective

A

Fibrous
- More fibres and fewer cells
- Forms ligaments
- Outer protective covering of organs

27
Q

Dense Connective Regular

A

Mainly collagen fibres, rows of fibroblasts.

28
Q

Cartilage

A
  • Less hard and more flexible than bone
  • Cartilage cells are called chondrocytes,
29
Q

Hyaline

A
  • Many collagen fibres,
  • Glassy appearance,
    Found in costal surfaces, trachea
30
Q

Elastic

A
  • Elastic fibres
    Found in ear
31
Q

Fibrocartilage

A

Tough and slightly flexible
Found in intervertebral discs.

32
Q

Bone matrix

A

Consists of organic and inorganic components:
- Organic: type I collagen
- Inorganic: calcium phosphate, bicarbonate

33
Q

Compact bone

A
  • 80% of the body bone
  • Made of a large number tube-shaped units called osteons
34
Q

Spongy Bone

A
  • Made of trabecular, space in between contains bone marrow
35
Q

Muscular Tissue

A
  • Contractile tissue; responsible for movement
    Skeletal, smooth and cardiac
36
Q

Nervous Tissue

A
  • Neurons and Neuroglia
37
Q

Neurons

A
  • Structural and functional unit of the nervous tissue
  • Responsible for reception, transmission and processing of stimuli responses.
38
Q

Neuroglia

A

Functions: insulate, support and protect neurone

Human Structure and Function I (3 decks)

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