Tissues

Question 1

• where rapid diffusion is priority
  –kidney, lungs
  –lines body cavities

Answer 1

single squamous epithelia

Question 2

• common in ducts of glands (salivary glands, pancreas)
• forms walls of kidney tubules
• functions in secretion and absorption

Answer 2

simple cuboidal epithelia

Question 3

• Some have microvilli and others cilia
• Often includes mucus-secreting cells = Goblet Cells
• Functions in secretion and absorption of mucus, enzymes, etc.
• Location:
– Lines the entire Digestive tract, Bronchi, Uterine Tubes

Answer 3

simple columnar epithelia

Question 4

• Functions in secretion and
movement of mucus
• Location: Upper
Respiratory Tract
- many have cilia

Answer 4

pseudo stratified columnar epithelia

Question 5

Most widespread of stratified epithelia
• Free surface is squamous, w deeper cuboidal or columnar layers
• Protective Covering in areas of high wear and tear (example: Skin)
• Keratinized cells found in skin
• Non-keratinized cells are found in moist linings (Mouth; Esophagus)

Answer 5

stratified squamous epithelia

Question 6

• Where: sweat and salivary gland ducts
• What: secretion, absorption

Answer 6

stratified cuboidal epithelia

Question 7

• Where: mammary gland ducts, larynx
• What: secretion

Answer 7

stratified columnar epithelia

Question 8

• Forms lining of hollow urinary organs
• Found in bladder, ureters, and urethra
• Cube-shaped when organ/tube not stretched
• Squamous when organ/tube is stretched by fluid

Answer 8

transitional epithelia

Question 9

• Ductless since secretions diffuse into blood vessels
• All secretions are Hormones

Answer 9

endocrine glands

Question 10

• Secretions empty through ducts onto body surfaces (skin) or
into body cavities
• Mucous, Sweat, Oil, Salivary
• Can be:
– Unicellular: Goblet Cells (mucus) => Intestine and Respiratory Tract
– Multicellular: Most Exocrine Glands
- Classified by: Structure and Mode of Secretion

Answer 10

exocrine glands

Question 11

gland where vesicles empty their contents into the duct through exocytosis, like sweat glands

Answer 11

merocrine gland

Question 12

gland where a portion of the cell containing secretory products is pinched off the cell, like mammary glands

Answer 12

apocrine gland

Question 13

gland where entire cells are shed off by the gland and are secreted, like sebaceous glands

Answer 13

holocrine glands

Question 14

– Most widely distributed connective tissue
– Wraps and cushions organs
– Helps hold internal organs together and in their proper
positions
• E.g. Attaches skin to underlying tissues
– Extracellular Matrix:
• produced by cells called FIBROBLASTS
• Clear, Colorless, Viscous
• Fewer Fibers; More Ground Substance
– Can act as water reservoir by holding more fluid
– Body cells obtain nutrients from and release waste into
this “tissue fluid”
– During inflammation it soaks up excess fluid (causes
edema)

Answer 14

loose areolar connective tissue

Question 15

• Highly vascularized
• Adipocytes cells in extracellular matrix
– Contain large lipid deposits
• Functions
– Insulates the body
– Protects some organs (kidneys, eyeballs)
– Serves as a site of energy storage
• Locations:
– Under the skin
– Around kidneys
– Hips
– Breasts

Answer 15

adipose connective tissue (fat)

Question 16

• Like areolar tissue but w Reticular Fibers (instead of
collagen and elastin fibers)
• Forms the cobweb-like stroma of the spleen, lymph
nodes, and bone marrow
• Holds blood cells in place in these organs

Answer 16

loose reticular connective tissue

Question 17

• More Fibers; Less Ground Substance
• Main matrix element Collagen Fibers (stacked on top of
each other in orderly arrangement)
• Main cell type  Fibroblasts
• Poor Blood Supply
• Locations
• Tendons—muscle to bone
• Ligaments—bone to bone at joints

Answer 17

dense regular connective tissue

Question 18

• Main matrix element  Collagen Fibers (random
arrangement)
• Main cell type  Fibroblasts
• Locations: Dermis of Skin, Scars

Answer 18

dense irregular connective tissue

Question 19

• Found in very elastic ligaments
– Example: Ligaments connecting adjacent vertebrae
• Also found in walls of many large arteries
– Arteries need to stretch when blood enters and recoil to push
blood out

Answer 19

elastic connective tissue

Question 20

• Most Common type of cartilage
• Composed of:
– Chondrocytes in lacunae
– Abundant collagen fibers in proteoglycan matrix
• Found: where strong support is needed with some
flexibility
• Locations
– Nose tip
– Trachea/Bronchi
– Rib cage
– End of long bones (movable joints)
– Most of fetal skeleton prior to birth
• Involved in growth that increases bone length

Answer 20

hyaline cartilage

Question 21

– Elastic and Collagen fibers in proteoglycan matrix
– Similar to hyaline but with more elastic fibers
– Provides elasticity (soft plastic) (rigid but elastic)
– Location
• External Ear
• Epiglottis

Answer 21

elastic cartilage

Question 22

– Thick Collagen fibers in proteoglycan matrix
– Slightly compressible (like soles of good shoes) and tough
– Most collagen fibers of any cartilage
– Location: Areas of pressure on joints (shock absorbers)
• Forms cushion-like discs between vertebrae 
Intervertebral Disks
• Knee joints

Answer 22

fibrocartilage

Question 23

– Strong but porous (to
store Bone Marrow)
– Found Inside bones
• Inside Heads of
Long Bones
• Inner layer of Flat
Bones
– Lattice network of
trabeculae with large
spaces between them

Answer 23

spongy (cancellous) bone

Question 24

– Dense w no visible spaces
– Found in Periphery (Outer) portion of all bones
– Stores Calcium
– Arranged in concentric layers around central canals

Answer 24

compact bone

Question 25

– Extracellular matrix is a fluid called Blood
Plasma
– Fibers are visible only during clotting
– Blood Cells: (Formed Elements)
• Red Blood Cells (RBCs)
• White Blood Cells (WBCs)
– Can sometimes leave blood stream and wander through
other tissues
• Platelets (Cell Fragments)
– Functions as transport vehicle for: gases,
nutrients, and waste

Answer 25

blood

Question 26

• Attached to the skeleton
• Under voluntary control
• Moves the body by pulling on bones
• Characteristics:
– Striated (have stripes)
– Multinucleate (more than one nucleus)
– Long, cylindrical cells

Answer 26

skeletal muscle

Question 27

• Under involuntary control
• Found only in the heart
• Function is to pump blood within the heart
and through blood vessels
• Characteristics:
– Striated
– One nucleus per cell
– Short, branching cells attached to each other
by intercalated disks

Answer 27

cardiac muscle

Question 28

• Under involuntary control
• Found in walls of hollow organs (such as stomach
and uterus) and blood vessels
• Characteristics:
– Non-striated
– One nucleus per cell
– Spindle-shaped cells (tapered on each end)

Answer 28

smooth muscle

Question 29

 Produce action potentials
 Parts:
a) Dendrites: receive
information from other
neurons; many per neuron
b) Cell Body: contains
nucleus + organelles
– Information processing
and Control center
c) Axon (Nerve Fiber):
conducts information
away from cell body to
other cells; usually one
per neuron

Answer 29

neurons

Question 30

 Support cells of brain,
spinal cord, and nerves
 Nourish, protect,
insulate neurons

Answer 30

neuroglia

Question 31

 Line cavities that open to outside
 Secrete Mucus
 Respiratory, Digestive, Urinary,
Reproductive Systems

Answer 31

mucous membranes

Question 32

 Line cavities closed to outside
 Secrete Serous Fluid (lubricates)
 Pericardial, pleural, peritoneal
membranes
 Protect internal organs from
friction

Answer 32

serous membranes

Question 33

 Made of Connective Tissue
 Line freely movable joints
 Produce Synovial Fluid (rich in
hyaluronic acid  makes it
slippery)

Answer 33

synovial membranes