TISSUES Flashcards
WHAT ARE THE 4 TYPES OF TISSUE
- nervous
- epithelial
- muscle
- connective tissue
WHAT IS THE MOST ABUNDANT TISSUE TYPE IN THE BODY
Connective tissue
WHAT ARE THE MAIN FUNCTIONS OF CONNECTIVE TISSUE (PITSS)
- protection
- insulation
- transportation (blood)
- support
- storage (of reserve fuel)
WHAT IS THE FUNCTION OF NERVOUS TISSUE
internal communication
WHAT DOES NERVOUS TISSUE MAKE UP
makes up the brain, spinal cord and nerves
WHAT IS THE FUNCTION OF MUSCLE TISSUE
creates contractions to cause movement
WHAT DOES MUSCLE TISSUE MAKE UP
skeletal muscle, cardiac muscle and the walls of hollow organs
WHAT IS THE FUNCTION OF EPITHELIAL TISSUE (PSAFF)
protects secretes absorbs filters Forms boundaries between different environments
WHAT DOES EPITHELIAL TISSUE MAKE UP
skin surface
lining of the GI Tract and other hollow organs
WHAT IS THE FUNCTION OF CONNECTIVE TISSUE
supports, protects and binds tissues together
WHAT DOES THE BASIC STRUCTURE OF EACH OF THE 4 TISSUES DEPEND ON
types of cells cell arrangements extracellular matrix (ECM)
WHAT ARE THE 4 CLASSES OF CONNECTIVE TISSUE
- connective tissue proper
- cartilage
- bone
- blood
WHAT ARE THE TWO SUBCLASSES OF CONNECTIVE TISSUE PROPER
lose and dense connective tissue
WHAT TYPES OF TISSUE ARE INCLUDED IN THE LOSE CONNECTIVE TISSUE SUBCLASS
- areolar
- adipose
- reticular
WHAT TYPES OF TISSUE ARE INCLUDED IN THE SUBCLASS OF DENSE CONNECTIVE TISSUE
regular
irregular
elastic
WHAT ARE THE SUBCLASSES OF BONE TISSUE
compact bone
spongy bone
WHAT ARE THE SUBCLASSES OF CARTILAGE TISSUE
hyaline
fibrocartilage
elastic
WHAT ARE THE STRUCTURAL COMPONENTS OF CONNECTIVE TISSUE
- ground substance
- fibres
- cells
WHAT IS GROUND SUBSTANCE
unstructured material that fills spaces between cells containing fibres
WHAT IS GROUND SUBSTANCE MADE OF
interstitial fluid
proteins
photoglycines
WHAT ARE THE THREE TYPES OF FIBRES THAT CAN BE FOUND IN CONNECTIVE TISSUE
collagen
elastin
retinacula
WHAT ARE THE CHARACTERISTICS OF COLLAGEN
strongest and most abundant fibre
high tensile strength
appears pink and thick under a microscope
WHAT ARE THE CHARACTERISTICS OF ELASTIN
networks of long thin fibres that allow stretch and recoil
appear thin and dark under a microscope
WHAT IS RETINACULA
Short fine highly branched collagenous fibres
WHAT DOES THE PREFIX OSTEO REFER TO
Bone
WHAT DOES THE PREFIX CHONDRO REFER TO
cartilage
WHAT DOES THE PREFIC FIBRO REFER TO
CT PROPER
WHAT ARE THE TWO WAYS THAT CONNECTIVE TISSUE PROPER CAN BE CLASSIFIED
loose and dense
WHICH CELL PRODUCES EXTRACELLULAR MATRIX IN CONNECTIVE TISSUE PROPER
fibroblasts
WHICH CELLS IN CT PROPER MATURE INTO FIBROCYTES
FIBROBLASTS
DESCRIBE THE FIBRES IN DENSE REGULAR CT
parallel arrangement of collagen, with few elastin fibres
WHAT CELLS ARE FOUND IN DENSE REGULAR CT
fibroblasts and fibrocytes
WHAT IS THE FUNCTION OF DENSE REGULAR CT
to withstand tensile stress when pulling in one direction
WHERE CAN DENSE REGULAR CT BE FOUND
tendons
ligaments
deep fascia
DESCRIBE THE FIBRES IN DENSE IRREGULAR CT
sheets of irregularly arranged but highly packed collagen fibres
rew elastin fibres
WHAT CELLS ARE LOCATED WITHIN DENSE IRREGULAR CT
fibroblasts and fibrocytes
WHAT IS THE FUNCTION OF DENSE IRREGULAR CT
to withstand tension exerted in many directions
WHERE CAN DENSE IRREGULAR CT BE FOUND
fibrous joint capsule
dermis of the skin
WHAT FIBRES MAKE UP ELASTIC CT
a high proportion of elastic fibres
WHAT CELLS CAN BE FOUND IN ELASTIC CT
fibroblasts and fibrocytes
WHAT IS THE FUNCTION OF ELASTIC CT
to allow stretch and recoil in tissues
WHERE CAN ELASTIC CT BE FOUND
walls of large arteries
lungs
WHAT CELL PRODUCES ECM IN CARTILAGE
chondroblasts
DESCRIBE CARTILAGE AS A MATERIAL
tough but flexible
WHAT IS CARTILAGE MADE UP OF
extracellular matrix
chondrocytes
lacunae (small cavities containing chondrocytes)
WHAT DOES AVASCULAR MEAN
no blood is contained
CARTILAGE IS AVASCULAR, TRUE OR FALSE
TRUE
HOW DOES CARTILAGE GET NUTRIENTS
diffusion
WHAT CT LAYER EXTERNALLY COVERS CARTILAGE
perichondrium
GIVE AN EXAMPLE FOR WHERE HYALINE CARTILAGE CAN BE FOUND
Articular cartilage
GIVE AN EXAMPLE FOR WHERE FIBROCARTILAGE CAN BE FOUND
between vertebrae (intervertebral discs)
WHAT IS EPITHELIUM
is a sheet of cells which covers a body surface
GIVE AN EXAMPLE FOR WHERE ELASTIC CARTILAGE CAN BE FOUND
external auricle of the ear
WHAT IS THE FUNCTION OF EPITHELIUM
- protects the body internal environment
- regulate the exchange of materials between the internal and external environment
DESCRIBE THE APPEARANCE OF EPITHELIUM
- consist of one or more layers of connected epithelial cells
- Has a basement membrane - the boundary between epithelial tissue and CT
WHERE CAN EPITHELIUM BE FOUND
skin
lining an organ cavity (GIT and glands)
IS EPITHELIUM HIGHY OR LOWLY REGENERATIVE
highly regenerative
WHY IS EPITHELIUM HIGHLY REGENERATIVE
due to damage
WHAT ARE THE 4 4 FUNCTIONS OF EPITHELIUM (PETS)
PROTECTION
EXCHANGE
TRANSPORTATION
SECRETION
A SIMPLE SQUAMOUS EPITHELIUM WOULD REFERS TO
an single layered epithelium with flat cells
A SIMPLE CUBOIDAL EPITHELIUM WOULD REFER TO
a single layered epithelium with cells shaped like cubes
A SIMPLE RECTANGULAR EPITHELIUM WOULD REFER TO
a single layer of epithelial cells that are long and rectangular in shape
A STRATIFIED SQUAMOUS EPITHELIUM WOULD REFER TO
A multilayered epithelium with flat cells
A PSEUDOSTRATIFIED CILIATED COLUMNAR EPITHELIUM REFERS TO
an epithelium that appears multilayered, but actually is a single layer, and contains long cells with cilia on top.
WHAT ARE THE FEATURES THAT EPITHELIUM MAY HAVE ON THE SURFACE
cilia
microvilli
keratin
WHAT IS TEH MAIN FUNCTION OF MUSCLE TISSUE
create force to make movement
MUSCLE IS HIGHLY VASCULARISED TRUE OR FALSE
true
WHAT ARE THE THREE TYPES OF MUSCLE
skeletal
cardiac
smooth
WHAT ARE THE FOUR FUNCTIONAL CHARACTERISTICS OF MUSCLES
Excitability
contractility
extensibility
elasticity
WHAT IS THE 4 FUNCTIONS OF SKELETAL MUSCLE
produce movement
maintain posture and position
stabilise joints
create heat
DESCRIBE THE SHAPE OF MUSCLE CELLS
long and cylindrical
WHAT ARE THE THREE TYPES OF CONNECTIVE TISSUE SHEATHS AROUND MUSCLES CALLED
endomysium
perimysium
epimysium
WHAT DOES ENDOMYSIUM COVER
one muscle cell (muscle fibre)
WHAT DOES PERIMYSIUM COVER
fascicle (group of muscle fibres)
WHAT DOES EPIMYSIUM COVER
the whole muscle
WHAT ARE THE TWO WAYS MUSCLE CAN ATTACH TO BONE
via tendons
via aponeurosis
WHAT IS APONEUROSIS
sheet like muscle attachments where the epimysium attached directly to the periosteum
WHAT ARE THE 4 MAIN TYPES OF MUSCLE SHAPE CLASSIFICATION
parallel, convergent, pennate, circular
WHAT ARE THE TWO SUBTYPES OF PARALLEL MUSCLES
strap (equal thickness throughout)
Fusiform (expanded belly with tapered ends)
DESCRIBE THE SHAPE OF A CONVERGENT MUSCLE
fan like
WHAT ARE THE THREE SUBTYPES OF PENNATE MUSCLE
unipennate (one side of muscle attaches to a tendon)
bipennate (both sides of muscle attach to a tendon)
multipennate (looks like feathers)
DESCRIBE THE SHAPE OF A CIRCULAR MUSCLE
a ring of muscle
WHAT IS THE ROLE OF DEEP FASCIA IN RELATION TO MUSCLE COMPARTMENTS
to create an inter muscular septum and separate muscle compartments
WHAT ARE THE 3 ROLES OF DEEP FASCIA
- protection of muscles
- limiting spread of infection between muscle compartments
- forming retinacula to keep tendons and ligaments in place
WHAT DOES A MOTOR UNIT CONSIST OF
a single neuron and the muscle fibres it controls
WHAT ARE THE THREE TYPES OF MUSCLE CONTRACTION
concentric
eccentric
isometric
WHAT DOES A CONCENTRIC CONTRACTION RESULT IN
muscle shortening
WHAT DOES AN ECCENTRIC MUSCLE CONTRACTIONS RESULT IN
lengthening of muscle
WHAT DOES AN ISOMETRIC MUSCLES CONTRACTION RESULT IN
the length of the muscle not changing during the contraction
THROUGHOUT A MUSCLE CONTRACTION THERE ARE 4 ROLES OF MUSCLES, WHAT ARE THEY
agonist, antagonist, synergist, fixator
WHAT IS AN AGONIST MUSCLE
the muscle primarily responsible for the movement
WHAT IS AN ANTAGONIST MUSCLE
the muscle that opposes the movement
WHAT IS A SYNERGIST MUSCLE
a muscle which assist the prime mover by producing the same movement
WHAT IS A FIXATOR MUSCLE
a muscle which stabilises one part of the body during movement of another part
WHAT ARE MATURE MUSCLE CELLS CALLED
myocytes
IS THERE ECM IN MUSCLE TISSUE
NO
WHAT DOES MUSCLE TISSUE HAVE INSTEAD OF ECM
a small amount of extracellular fluid
IS SKELETAL MUSCLE STRIATED OR NON STRIATED
srtiated
IS CARDIAC MUSCLE STRIATED OT NON STRIATED
STRIATED
IS SMOOTH MUSCLE STRIATED OR NON STRIATED
NON STRIATED
ARE SKELETAL MUSCLES FIBRES BRANCHED OR NON BRANCHED
non branched
ARE CARDIAC MUSCLE FIBRES BRANCHED OR NON BRANCHED
branched
ARE SMOOTH MUSCLE CELLS BRANCHED OR NON BRANCHED
non branched
ARE SKELETAL MUSCEL CONTRACTION VOLUNTARY OR INVOLUNTARY
VOLUNTARY
ARE CARDIAC MUSCLE CONTRACTIONS VOLUNTARY OR INVOLUNTARY
INVOLUNTARY
ARE SMOOTH MUSCLE CONTRACTIONS VOLUNTARY OR INVOLUNTARY
INVOLUNTARY