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Biomedical Science For Osteo 1 > TISSUES > Flashcards

TISSUES Flashcards

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1
Q

WHAT ARE THE 4 TYPES OF TISSUE

A
  • nervous
  • epithelial
  • muscle
  • connective tissue
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2
Q

WHAT IS THE MOST ABUNDANT TISSUE TYPE IN THE BODY

A

Connective tissue

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3
Q

WHAT ARE THE MAIN FUNCTIONS OF CONNECTIVE TISSUE (PITSS)

A
  • protection
  • insulation
  • transportation (blood)
  • support
  • storage (of reserve fuel)
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4
Q

WHAT IS THE FUNCTION OF NERVOUS TISSUE

A

internal communication

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5
Q

WHAT DOES NERVOUS TISSUE MAKE UP

A

makes up the brain, spinal cord and nerves

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6
Q

WHAT IS THE FUNCTION OF MUSCLE TISSUE

A

creates contractions to cause movement

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7
Q

WHAT DOES MUSCLE TISSUE MAKE UP

A

skeletal muscle, cardiac muscle and the walls of hollow organs

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8
Q

WHAT IS THE FUNCTION OF EPITHELIAL TISSUE (PSAFF)

A 
protects
secretes 
absorbs 
filters 
Forms boundaries between different environments
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9
Q

WHAT DOES EPITHELIAL TISSUE MAKE UP

A

skin surface

lining of the GI Tract and other hollow organs

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10
Q

WHAT IS THE FUNCTION OF CONNECTIVE TISSUE

A

supports, protects and binds tissues together

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11
Q

WHAT DOES THE BASIC STRUCTURE OF EACH OF THE 4 TISSUES DEPEND ON

A 
types of cells
cell arrangements 
extracellular matrix (ECM)
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12
Q

WHAT ARE THE 4 CLASSES OF CONNECTIVE TISSUE

A
  • connective tissue proper
  • cartilage
  • bone
  • blood
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13
Q

WHAT ARE THE TWO SUBCLASSES OF CONNECTIVE TISSUE PROPER

A

lose and dense connective tissue

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14
Q

WHAT TYPES OF TISSUE ARE INCLUDED IN THE LOSE CONNECTIVE TISSUE SUBCLASS

A
  • areolar
  • adipose
  • reticular
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15
Q

WHAT TYPES OF TISSUE ARE INCLUDED IN THE SUBCLASS OF DENSE CONNECTIVE TISSUE

A

regular
irregular
elastic

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16
Q

WHAT ARE THE SUBCLASSES OF BONE TISSUE

A

compact bone

spongy bone

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17
Q

WHAT ARE THE SUBCLASSES OF CARTILAGE TISSUE

A

hyaline
fibrocartilage
elastic

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18
Q

WHAT ARE THE STRUCTURAL COMPONENTS OF CONNECTIVE TISSUE

A
  • ground substance
  • fibres
  • cells
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19
Q

WHAT IS GROUND SUBSTANCE

A

unstructured material that fills spaces between cells containing fibres

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20
Q

WHAT IS GROUND SUBSTANCE MADE OF

A

interstitial fluid
proteins
photoglycines

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21
Q

WHAT ARE THE THREE TYPES OF FIBRES THAT CAN BE FOUND IN CONNECTIVE TISSUE

A

collagen
elastin
retinacula

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22
Q

WHAT ARE THE CHARACTERISTICS OF COLLAGEN

A

strongest and most abundant fibre
high tensile strength
appears pink and thick under a microscope

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23
Q

WHAT ARE THE CHARACTERISTICS OF ELASTIN

A

networks of long thin fibres that allow stretch and recoil

appear thin and dark under a microscope

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24
Q

WHAT IS RETINACULA

A

Short fine highly branched collagenous fibres

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25
Q

WHAT DOES THE PREFIX OSTEO REFER TO

A

Bone

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26
Q

WHAT DOES THE PREFIX CHONDRO REFER TO

A

cartilage

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27
Q

WHAT DOES THE PREFIC FIBRO REFER TO

A

CT PROPER

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28
Q

WHAT ARE THE TWO WAYS THAT CONNECTIVE TISSUE PROPER CAN BE CLASSIFIED

A

loose and dense

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29
Q

WHICH CELL PRODUCES EXTRACELLULAR MATRIX IN CONNECTIVE TISSUE PROPER

A

fibroblasts

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30
Q

WHICH CELLS IN CT PROPER MATURE INTO FIBROCYTES

A

FIBROBLASTS

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31
Q

DESCRIBE THE FIBRES IN DENSE REGULAR CT

A

parallel arrangement of collagen, with few elastin fibres

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32
Q

WHAT CELLS ARE FOUND IN DENSE REGULAR CT

A

fibroblasts and fibrocytes

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33
Q

WHAT IS THE FUNCTION OF DENSE REGULAR CT

A

to withstand tensile stress when pulling in one direction

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34
Q

WHERE CAN DENSE REGULAR CT BE FOUND

A

tendons
ligaments
deep fascia

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35
Q

DESCRIBE THE FIBRES IN DENSE IRREGULAR CT

A

sheets of irregularly arranged but highly packed collagen fibres
rew elastin fibres

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36
Q

WHAT CELLS ARE LOCATED WITHIN DENSE IRREGULAR CT

A

fibroblasts and fibrocytes

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37
Q

WHAT IS THE FUNCTION OF DENSE IRREGULAR CT

A

to withstand tension exerted in many directions

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38
Q

WHERE CAN DENSE IRREGULAR CT BE FOUND

A

fibrous joint capsule

dermis of the skin

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39
Q

WHAT FIBRES MAKE UP ELASTIC CT

A

a high proportion of elastic fibres

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40
Q

WHAT CELLS CAN BE FOUND IN ELASTIC CT

A

fibroblasts and fibrocytes

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41
Q

WHAT IS THE FUNCTION OF ELASTIC CT

A

to allow stretch and recoil in tissues

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42
Q

WHERE CAN ELASTIC CT BE FOUND

A

walls of large arteries

lungs

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43
Q

WHAT CELL PRODUCES ECM IN CARTILAGE

A

chondroblasts

44
Q

DESCRIBE CARTILAGE AS A MATERIAL

A

tough but flexible

45
Q

WHAT IS CARTILAGE MADE UP OF

A

extracellular matrix
chondrocytes
lacunae (small cavities containing chondrocytes)

46
Q

WHAT DOES AVASCULAR MEAN

A

no blood is contained

47
Q

CARTILAGE IS AVASCULAR, TRUE OR FALSE

A

TRUE

48
Q

HOW DOES CARTILAGE GET NUTRIENTS

A

diffusion

49
Q

WHAT CT LAYER EXTERNALLY COVERS CARTILAGE

A

perichondrium

50
Q

GIVE AN EXAMPLE FOR WHERE HYALINE CARTILAGE CAN BE FOUND

A

Articular cartilage

51
Q

GIVE AN EXAMPLE FOR WHERE FIBROCARTILAGE CAN BE FOUND

A

between vertebrae (intervertebral discs)

52
Q

WHAT IS EPITHELIUM

A

is a sheet of cells which covers a body surface

53
Q

GIVE AN EXAMPLE FOR WHERE ELASTIC CARTILAGE CAN BE FOUND

A

external auricle of the ear

54
Q

WHAT IS THE FUNCTION OF EPITHELIUM

A
  • protects the body internal environment

- regulate the exchange of materials between the internal and external environment

55
Q

DESCRIBE THE APPEARANCE OF EPITHELIUM

A
  • consist of one or more layers of connected epithelial cells
  • Has a basement membrane - the boundary between epithelial tissue and CT
56
Q

WHERE CAN EPITHELIUM BE FOUND

A

skin

lining an organ cavity (GIT and glands)

57
Q

IS EPITHELIUM HIGHY OR LOWLY REGENERATIVE

A

highly regenerative

58
Q

WHY IS EPITHELIUM HIGHLY REGENERATIVE

A

due to damage

59
Q

WHAT ARE THE 4 4 FUNCTIONS OF EPITHELIUM (PETS)

A

PROTECTION
EXCHANGE
TRANSPORTATION
SECRETION

60
Q

A SIMPLE SQUAMOUS EPITHELIUM WOULD REFERS TO

A

an single layered epithelium with flat cells

61
Q

A SIMPLE CUBOIDAL EPITHELIUM WOULD REFER TO

A

a single layered epithelium with cells shaped like cubes

62
Q

A SIMPLE RECTANGULAR EPITHELIUM WOULD REFER TO

A

a single layer of epithelial cells that are long and rectangular in shape

63
Q

A STRATIFIED SQUAMOUS EPITHELIUM WOULD REFER TO

A

A multilayered epithelium with flat cells

64
Q

A PSEUDOSTRATIFIED CILIATED COLUMNAR EPITHELIUM REFERS TO

A

an epithelium that appears multilayered, but actually is a single layer, and contains long cells with cilia on top.

65
Q

WHAT ARE THE FEATURES THAT EPITHELIUM MAY HAVE ON THE SURFACE

A

cilia
microvilli
keratin

66
Q

WHAT IS TEH MAIN FUNCTION OF MUSCLE TISSUE

A

create force to make movement

67
Q

MUSCLE IS HIGHLY VASCULARISED TRUE OR FALSE

A

true

68
Q

WHAT ARE THE THREE TYPES OF MUSCLE

A

skeletal
cardiac
smooth

69
Q

WHAT ARE THE FOUR FUNCTIONAL CHARACTERISTICS OF MUSCLES

A

Excitability
contractility
extensibility
elasticity

70
Q

WHAT IS THE 4 FUNCTIONS OF SKELETAL MUSCLE

A

produce movement
maintain posture and position
stabilise joints
create heat

71
Q

DESCRIBE THE SHAPE OF MUSCLE CELLS

A

long and cylindrical

72
Q

WHAT ARE THE THREE TYPES OF CONNECTIVE TISSUE SHEATHS AROUND MUSCLES CALLED

A

endomysium
perimysium
epimysium

73
Q

WHAT DOES ENDOMYSIUM COVER

A

one muscle cell (muscle fibre)

74
Q

WHAT DOES PERIMYSIUM COVER

A

fascicle (group of muscle fibres)

75
Q

WHAT DOES EPIMYSIUM COVER

A

the whole muscle

76
Q

WHAT ARE THE TWO WAYS MUSCLE CAN ATTACH TO BONE

A

via tendons

via aponeurosis

77
Q

WHAT IS APONEUROSIS

A

sheet like muscle attachments where the epimysium attached directly to the periosteum

78
Q

WHAT ARE THE 4 MAIN TYPES OF MUSCLE SHAPE CLASSIFICATION

A

parallel, convergent, pennate, circular

79
Q

WHAT ARE THE TWO SUBTYPES OF PARALLEL MUSCLES

A

strap (equal thickness throughout)

Fusiform (expanded belly with tapered ends)

80
Q

DESCRIBE THE SHAPE OF A CONVERGENT MUSCLE

A

fan like

81
Q

WHAT ARE THE THREE SUBTYPES OF PENNATE MUSCLE

A

unipennate (one side of muscle attaches to a tendon)
bipennate (both sides of muscle attach to a tendon)
multipennate (looks like feathers)

82
Q

DESCRIBE THE SHAPE OF A CIRCULAR MUSCLE

A

a ring of muscle

83
Q

WHAT IS THE ROLE OF DEEP FASCIA IN RELATION TO MUSCLE COMPARTMENTS

A

to create an inter muscular septum and separate muscle compartments

84
Q

WHAT ARE THE 3 ROLES OF DEEP FASCIA

A
  • protection of muscles
  • limiting spread of infection between muscle compartments
  • forming retinacula to keep tendons and ligaments in place
85
Q

WHAT DOES A MOTOR UNIT CONSIST OF

A

a single neuron and the muscle fibres it controls

86
Q

WHAT ARE THE THREE TYPES OF MUSCLE CONTRACTION

A

concentric
eccentric
isometric

87
Q

WHAT DOES A CONCENTRIC CONTRACTION RESULT IN

A

muscle shortening

88
Q

WHAT DOES AN ECCENTRIC MUSCLE CONTRACTIONS RESULT IN

A

lengthening of muscle

89
Q

WHAT DOES AN ISOMETRIC MUSCLES CONTRACTION RESULT IN

A

the length of the muscle not changing during the contraction

90
Q

THROUGHOUT A MUSCLE CONTRACTION THERE ARE 4 ROLES OF MUSCLES, WHAT ARE THEY

A

agonist, antagonist, synergist, fixator

91
Q

WHAT IS AN AGONIST MUSCLE

A

the muscle primarily responsible for the movement

92
Q

WHAT IS AN ANTAGONIST MUSCLE

A

the muscle that opposes the movement

93
Q

WHAT IS A SYNERGIST MUSCLE

A

a muscle which assist the prime mover by producing the same movement

94
Q

WHAT IS A FIXATOR MUSCLE

A

a muscle which stabilises one part of the body during movement of another part

95
Q

WHAT ARE MATURE MUSCLE CELLS CALLED

A

myocytes

96
Q

IS THERE ECM IN MUSCLE TISSUE

A

NO

97
Q

WHAT DOES MUSCLE TISSUE HAVE INSTEAD OF ECM

A

a small amount of extracellular fluid

98
Q

IS SKELETAL MUSCLE STRIATED OR NON STRIATED

A

srtiated

99
Q

IS CARDIAC MUSCLE STRIATED OT NON STRIATED

A

STRIATED

100
Q

IS SMOOTH MUSCLE STRIATED OR NON STRIATED

A

NON STRIATED

101
Q

ARE SKELETAL MUSCLES FIBRES BRANCHED OR NON BRANCHED

A

non branched

102
Q

ARE CARDIAC MUSCLE FIBRES BRANCHED OR NON BRANCHED

A

branched

103
Q

ARE SMOOTH MUSCLE CELLS BRANCHED OR NON BRANCHED

A

non branched

104
Q

ARE SKELETAL MUSCEL CONTRACTION VOLUNTARY OR INVOLUNTARY

A

VOLUNTARY

105
Q

ARE CARDIAC MUSCLE CONTRACTIONS VOLUNTARY OR INVOLUNTARY

A

INVOLUNTARY

106
Q

ARE SMOOTH MUSCLE CONTRACTIONS VOLUNTARY OR INVOLUNTARY

A

INVOLUNTARY

Biomedical Science For Osteo 1 (4 decks)

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