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Anatomy and Physiology > Tissues > Flashcards

Tissues Flashcards

1
Q

It is a group of specialized cells and the extracellular substances surrounding them.

A

Tissues

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2
Q

A type of tissue that covers and protects surfaces, both outside and inside the body.

A

Epithelium (epithelial tissue)

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3
Q

A distinct cell surface that has cells attached to other epithelial cells.

A

Lateral surface

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4
Q

A distinct cell surface in which cells are exposed and not attached to other cells.

A

Apical (free) surface

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5
Q

A distinct cell surface that is attached to a basement membrane.

A

Basal surface

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6
Q

The extracellular material secreted by epithelial and connective tissue cells that helps in the attachment of epithelial cells to underlying tissue.

A

Basement membrane

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7
Q

An epithelial tissue made up of only one layer of epithelial cells wherein the cells are in direct contact with the basement membrane.

A

Simple epithelium

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8
Q

A type of epithelial tissue that is composed of more than one layer of epithelial cells wherein the basal layer is the only one that is in contact with the base membrane.

A

Stratified epithelium

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9
Q

Simple epithelium is primarily involved in: ___

A

Diffusion, secretion, and absorption

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10
Q

What do you call the special type of epithelium that appears to be stratified but is not?

A

Pseudostratified epithelium

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11
Q

What do you call the stratified epithelium that can be stretched?

A

Transitional epithelium

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12
Q

A special endothelial tissue that lines the blood and lymphatic vessels.

A

Endothelium

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13
Q

A special endothelial tissue that lines the ventricles and atria.

A

Endocardium

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14
Q

A special endothelial tissue that lines the walls and covers the content of closed body cavities.

A

Mesothelium

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15
Q

What do you call the simple columnar epithelial cells that secrete gel-forming mucins?

A

Goblet cells

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16
Q

What is the intercellular junction that is responsible for cell-to-cell adhesion? (binds cell together)

A

Desmosomes

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17
Q

Half modified desmosomes that anchor cells to the basement membrane.

A

Hemidesmosomes

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18
Q

Aggregates of intercellular channels that permit direct cell-cell transfer of ions and small molecules.

A

Gap junctions

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19
Q

What do you call the organ that produces and releases substances that perform a specific function in the body?

A

Glands

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20
Q

A group of glands that has ducts with its glands connected to the surface of the epithelium.

A

Exocrine glands

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21
Q

A group of glands that has no ducts with its glands disconnected (lose) to the surface of the epithelium.

A

Endocrine glands

22
Q

What is the type of secretion that releases secretory products through exocytosis?

A

Merocrine secretion

23
Q

What is the type of secretion that releases secretory products by pinching off fragments of gland cells?

A

Apocrine secretion

24
Q

What is the type of secretion that involves the shedding of entire cells?

A

Holocrine secretion

25
Q

A type of tissue that supports, protects, and gives structure to other tissues and organs of the body.

A

Connective tissue

26
Q

What is the difference between mucus and serous?

A

Mucus - viscous and slimy with a flat nucleus

Serous - watery with round nucleus

27
Q

A type of loose connective tissue that consists of collagen fibers and a few elastic fibers.

A

Areolar connective tissue

28
Q

A type of loose connective tissue that consists of adipocytes *(fat cells).

A

Adipose tissue

29
Q

A type of loose connective tissue that forms the framework of lymphatic tissue (spleen & lymph nodes), bone marrow, and liver.

A

Reticular connective tissue

30
Q

A type of connective tissue that consists of a relatively large number of protein fibers that form thick bundles.

A

Dense connective tissue

31
Q

What gives the flexibility and strength in the cartilage?

A

Collagen

32
Q

What makes the cartilage to be rigid while enabling it to spring back after being compressed?

A

Proteoglycans

33
Q

What is the most abundant type of cartilage that covers the bone ends where they form joints together?

A

Hyaline cartilage

34
Q

What is the type of cartilage that consists of more collagen than hyaline with the ability to resist pulling and tearing forces?

A

Fibrocartilage

35
Q

What is the type of cartilage that consists of elastic fibers, collagen, and proteoglycans that is commonly found in external ears, epiglottis, and auditory tubes?

A

Elastic cartilage

36
Q

A dense layer of fibrous connective tissue that covers most of the cartilage in the body.

A

Perichondrium

37
Q

What do you call the gelatinous protein inside the perichondrium?

A

Chondrin

38
Q

A type of tissue that has the ability to shorten or contract in order to produce movement of the body parts.

A

Muscle tissue

39
Q

What are the two most common contractile proteins that help muscle tissues to produce movement?

A

Actin and myosin

40
Q

What are the two types of muscle tissue that are involuntary and is considered uninucleate?

A

Smooth and cardiac

41
Q

True or False.

Skeletal muscle tissue is the only type of muscle tissue that has striations.

A

False.

Skeletal and cardiac muscle tissue have striations.

42
Q

A type of tissue commonly found in the brain, spinal cord, and nerves that are responsible for coordinating and controlling many body activities.

A

Nervous tissue

43
Q

What are the cells found in the nervous tissue that is responsible for conducting action potentials?

A

Neurons (nerve cells)

44
Q

A part of a neuron that is designed to receive communications from other cells.

A

Dendrites

45
Q

True or False.

Cartilage has blood vessels for blood supply.

A

False.

Cartilage is an avascular tissue.

46
Q

What do you call the cells responsible for the synthesis and maintenance of ECM in the cartilage?

A

Chondrocyte

47
Q

What type of collagen is predominant in a reticular tissue?

A

type III collagen

48
Q

What type of collagen is predominant in elastic tissue?

A

type II collagen

49
Q

What cartilage will you see between hyaline cartilage and dense regular connective tissue?

A

Fibrocartilage

50
Q

What is the process where all cartilage forms from embryonic mesenchyme?

A

Chondrogenesis

Anatomy and Physiology (8 decks)

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