Tissues

Question 1

Tissues

Answer 1

• Groups of similar cells that act together to perform specific functions
• Tissues organize themselves into organs

Question 2

Organs

Answer 2

Groups of two or more tissue types that perform specialized functions

Question 3

Muscle tissue

Answer 3

• Located in hollow internal organs and tubes and is attached to bones
• This tissue produces movement, posture maintenance, and heat production

Question 4

Nervous tissue

Answer 4

• Located in the brain, spinal cord, and nerves

- This tissue interprets sensory information and coordinates bodily processes

Question 5

Interstitial fluid

Answer 5

• Found in extracellular spaces between tissues
• This fluid is primarily water and contains substances such as salts, sugars, fatty acids, amino acids, hormones, and neurotransmitters
• Bathes cells and provides a transport medium for nutrients, gases, and wastes

Question 6

Layers of embryological tissue: Ectoderm

Answer 6

The outermost layer and gives rise to structures of the nervous system

Question 7

Layers of embryological tissue: Mesoderm

Answer 7

The middle layer, and it develops into muscles and connective tissues (ex: Fascia, tendons, retinaculum, ligaments, cartilage, and bone)

Question 8

Layers of embryological tissue: Endoderm

Answer 8

Becomes epithelial tissue lining the body’s cavities, passages, and internal organs

Question 9

Principal type of tissues: Epithelial tissue

Answer 9

• Lines or covers external and internal body structures
• Lines open body cavities, such as the digestive, respiratory, urinary, and reproductive tracts
• And closed body cavities, such as the dorsal cavity which houses the brain and spinal cord
• Made up of closely packed cells and arranged in one or more layers
• Usually has a high rate of cell division and regenerates quickly
• Functions: Protection, absorption, secretion, excretion, and sensation

Question 10

Principal type of tissues: Connective tissue

Answer 10

• Connects, supports, transports, and defends
• It forms a supporting framework for organs and glands, and for the body as a whole
• It transports nutrients and wastes, and provides defensive functions such as blood clotting and inflammatory responses
• Most abundant tissue type
• Types: Fibrous, bone, cartilage, and blood

Question 11

Types of protein fibers

Answer 11

• Elastin, collagen, and a special type of collagen fiber called reticulin
• Collagen is tough and durable, reticulin is delicate, and elastin is flexible and elastic
• Collagen is the most abundant type and makes up approximately 25% of all protein in the body

Question 12

Fibroblasts

Answer 12

• Precursor cells that produce all types of protein fibers found in connective tissues
• Contribute to wound healing and tissue repair

Question 13

Fibrous Connective Tissue

Answer 13

• The packing material of the body
• It supports structures, attaches them to each other, fills in spaces between structures, and helps keep them in their proper places

Question 14

Loose fibrous connective tissue

Answer 14

• The most widely distributes connective tissue types and functions like elastic glue

Question 15

Adipose tissue

Answer 15

Predominantly fat and serves as storage for surplus food and insulation to conserve body heat, as well as support and protection for certain structures such as the heart, kidneys, and some joints

Question 16

Reticular tissue

Answer 16

• Provides the supportive framework for bone, bone marrow, lymph nodes, and organs
• It functions as part of the body’s defense system

Question 17

Dense fibrous connective tissue

Answer 17

• Consists of compact strong bundles of fibers that are glistening white in color

Question 18

Dense REGULAR fibrous tissue

Answer 18

• Have their fiber bundles arranged in regular parallel rows
• This tissue is elastic, has great tensile strength, and can resist pulling forces in one or two directions
• Ex: Tendons (connect muscle to bone), and ligaments (connect bone to bone)

Question 19

Dense IRREGULAR fibrous tissue

Answer 19

• Fiber bundles interwoven in irregular patterns and form a strong, thick sheath of connective tissue
• Can resist pulling forces in multiple directions
• Ex: Deep fascial sheaths surrounding muscles, the dermal layer of skin, periosteal sheaths or periosteum surrounding bone, and the outer capsules of organs such as the kidneys and spleen

Question 20

Bone

Answer 20

• Hardest type of connective tissue

Question 21

Compact bone

Answer 21

• Forms the hard outer shell of bone

- It contains few spaces and is the strongest form of bone tissue

Question 22

Spongy bone

Answer 22

Consists of latticework beams

Question 23

Cartilage

Answer 23

• Strong protective connective tissue capable of withstanding repeated stress

Question 24

Hyaline cartilage

Answer 24

• Elastic, rubbery, smooth
• Most prevalent type of cartilage and covers the articulating surfaces of bones, connects ribs to the sternum, and if found as supportive tissues in the nose, ears, trachea, and smaller respiratory tubes

Question 25

Fibrocartilage

Answer 25

• The strongest and most durable type

- Fibrocartilage discs serve as shock absorbers and are found between vertebrae and in the knee

Question 26

Elastic cartilage

Answer 26

• Softest and most pliable type

- Gives shape to the external nose and ears and is found in internal structures, such as a the larynx