tissues Flashcards
1
Q
what is a tissue
A
grp of similar cells performing a specific function
2
Q
what are the two types of plant tissues
A
meristematic tissues and permanent tissues
3
Q
what are meristematic tissues
A
cells which multiple to produce new cells
4
Q
what are permanent tissue
A
non dividing and specialized cells
5
Q
where is the meristem present
A
tips of roots, stems and branches. between bark and wood of trees
6
Q
list 8 chief characteristics of meristematic tissues
A
cells are small cells are usually cubical cell wall is thin nuclei are large vacuoles almost absent cells tightly packed with almost no intercellular space cells actively divide new cells are transformed into permanent tissue
7
Q
what are the two types of meristematic tissue
A
apical meristem, lateral meristen
8
Q
give another name for terminal meristem
A
apical meristem
9
Q
give another name for cambium meristen
A
lateral meristem
10
Q
what are the types of permanent tissue based on function
A
protective, supporting and conducting
11
Q
where is protective tissue found
A
surface of roots, stems and leaves
12
Q
what type of walls do protective tissues have
A
thick walls
13
Q
give an example of protective tissue
A
epidermis of leaves which secretes a waxy water proof material
14
Q
what are the tree types of supporting tissue
A
parenchyma, collenchyma, sclerenchyma
15
Q
describe the structure of parenchyma
A
large, thin walled cells. oval circular or polygonal in shape.
16
Q
how many vacuoles are present in parenchyma and how big is it
A
single large vacuole
17
Q
where is parenchyma found
A
soft parts of plants such as cortex and in the pith
18
Q
what is the function of parenchyma
A
may store food
provides temp. support to plant
19
Q
what is chlorenchyma
A
parenchymatous cells containing chloroplast
20
Q
what is the function of chlorenchyma
A
helps the leaf to produce food by photosynthesis
21
Q
structurally describe collenchyma
A
cells which are elongated and have cell walls thickened at corners
22
Q
where is collenchyma found
A
leaf stalks, below epidermis of stem
23
Q
what is the function of collenchyma
A
helps support parts of plant
24
Q
what is sclerenchyma composed of
A
long narrow dead cells
25
why are sclerenchyma cell walls thick
due to deposition of lignin
26
where is sclerenchyma found
stems and veins of leaves.
27
what are the three simple tissues and why are they called so
sclerenchyma, collenchyma, parenchyma because they are made of one type of cell only
28
which cells r in fibres and stones
sclerenchyma
29
what is the function of conducting tissue
provides passage for water and dissolved materials to move up and down in the plant.
30
what is conducting tissues known as
vascular tissue
31
what are the two types of conducting tissue
xylem and phloem
32
describe the structure of xylem
cells are elongated and thick walled
33
what is the function of xylem
provides for upward movement of water and dissolved materials absorbed from soil by the roots to other parts of the plant.
34
What is the function of older xylem
tissue forms the wood
35
how can you determine the age of xylem
by counting its annual rings which are the xylem rings
36
what does xylem tissue consist of
tracheids, vessels, xylem parenchyma, xylem fibres
37
what are tracheids and vessels collectively called
tracheary elements
38
what are tracheids made of
elongated dead cells with empty large cavities
39
how are the cells placed in tracheids
cells are placed end to end forming a long tube
40
describe the cell walls of tracheids
highly lignified cell walls
41
how do tracheids provide mechanical support
by developing various thickenings in walls
42
what are xylem vessels
long tube like structures made to transport water and dissolved materials
43
what are xylem vessels made of
elongated cells placed end to end
44
describe trachae cell walls
hard, thick and lignified cell walls
45
what happens to xylem vessel transverse walls
they get dissolved and make a continuous water pipe
46
what does xylem parenchyma consist of
living parenchyma cells associated with xylem
47
what is the function of parenchyma cells
storage of food and help in conduction of water and minerals
48
what are xylem fibres made up of
dead sclerenchyma cells
49
describe xylem fibre structure
thick walled, long, narrow cells with tapering ends.
50
what is the main function of xylem fibres
provide mechanical support to plant
51
what is the function of phloem cells
provide passage for downward movement of food manufactured in leaves to various parts of the plant & upward movement of prepared food to growing leaves
52
what does the phloem tissue consist of
sieve tubes, companion cells, phloem parenchyma and phloem fibres
53
what are sieve tubes made up of
elongated cells placed end to end to form a long tube
54
what are sieve platea
transverse walls with perforations
55
what is the function of sieve tubes
help transport food from leaves to storage organs and other parts of plant
56
what are companion cells
living parenchyma cells closely associated with sieve tube cells
57
what is the function of companion cells
help in functioning of sieve tube cells
58
what are phloem fibres
sclerenchymatous cells associated with phloem
59
main function of phloem fibres
provide support
60
what do xylem and phloem collectively form
vascular bundles
61
give example of vascular bundles
leaves
62
name the 2 complex tissues and why are they named as the same
xylem and phloem because they are made of more than one type of cell working together
63
what are the 4 main kinds of animal tissues
epithelial, muscle, connective, nervous
64
what is the epithelial tissue
thin, protective, continuous sheet of cells
65
where is the epithelial tissue located
outermost layer of skin and the lining surfaces of mouth, nose, lung, stomach etc.
66
shape of epithelial tissue
can be flat, cuboidal or columnar, cells tightly fit
67
function of epithelial tissue
protection (skin), absorption and secretion (intestine), sensory perception
68
what are the 4 types of epithelial tissue
squamous, cuboidal, columnar, stratified
69
what is squamous epithelium composed of
flat, thin cells with prominent nuclei closely packed
70
where is squamous epithelial found
Lines mouth and nasal cavities, blood and lymph vessels
71
function of squamous epithelium
protects parts from mechanical injury, germs and harmful chemicals
72
where is cuboidal epithelium found
some parts of kidney tubules and some ducts like salivary glands and pancreatic duct
73
what does columnar epithelium contain
vertically arranged cylindrical or brick-like cells.
74
where is columnar epithelium generally found
inner lining of stomach and intestines
75
what is cilia
thread-like protoplasmic projections
76
which tissue is located in the lining of the trachea
ciliated columnar epithelium
77
what are the 2 other types of columnar epithelium
ciliated and glandular
78
what does glandular epithelium contain
large cells which secrete chemical substances
79
where is glandular epithelium common
lining of stomach and intestine
80
what is stratified columnar tissue composed of
layers of same or different epithelial cells.
81
where is stratified epithelial found
skin and cornea
82
what is the function of connective tissue
binds one tissue with another and connects various organs
83
name 3 characteristics of connective tissue
abundance of intercellular substance- the matrix
fewer cellular elements
fibres
84
what are the three types of connective tissue
connective tissue proper
supportive connective tissue
fluid connective tissue
85
what are the three sub categories of connective tissue proper
areolar tissue
adipose tissue
fibrous connective tissue
86
where is the areolar tissue
beneath epidermis of the skin
87
what is the areolar tissue also known as
packing tissue
88
what is the function of areolar tissue
makes skin more elastic
89
what is the adipose tissues function and how does it do that
specialized tissues store fat, padding under skin retains body heat
90
what are the two types of supportive connective tissue
bone, cartilage
91
describe the structure of cartilage
non-porous tissue, thickened matrix, has no blood vessels or nerves. semi transparent and elastic
92
where is cartilage found
tip of nose, external ears, trachea and bronchial tubes, between vertebrae and at the ends of long bones
93
describe the structure of bone
hard porous tissue, has good supply of blood vessels and nerves,
94
what does bone consist of
living cells and inorganic salts
95
what is blood composed of
the liquid- plasma
| the cellular part- rbc, wbc, platelets
96
what is lymph
fluid surrounding body cells, blood plasma that has oozed out of blood vessels
97
what are the two types of fluid connective tissue
blood and lymph
98
what is the function of muscle tissue
help the body in movements
99
what are the kinds of muscle tissue
striated, unstriated, heart or cardiac muscles
100
what are striated muscles made of
long nucleated, striated fibres,
101
list 3 characteristics of striated muscle
light and dark bands run across fibre
constitutes 50% of body weight
moves when you want it to
102
where are striated muscles found
arms, legs, face, neck etc.
103
are unstriated muscles under our control
no
104
what is unstriated muscle made of
spindle-shaped uninucleated cells.
105
where are unstriated muscles found
walls of intestine, muscles of iris, skin, lining of blood vessels
106
are cardiac muscled voluntary
no
107
describe the fibres of cardiac muscles
striated, uninucleated and branched, short. Can contract without outside stimulation
108
do cardiac muscles get tired fast
no
109
which tissue constitutes nervous system
neural tissue
110
what form nerve fibres
axons of the neuron
