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01. Year 1: Science for Medicine > Tissues 1 > Flashcards

Tissues 1 Flashcards

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1
Q

What is the body composed of?

A

Cells grouped into tissues and organs

Cells - Tissues - Organs - Systems - Organism

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2
Q

What are the 4 basic types of tissues?

A

Epthelia

Connective

Muscle

Nervous

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3
Q

What is connective tissue?

A

Tissue which provides general structure, mechanical strength, space filling and physical and metabolic support for tissues

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4
Q

What are the 3 structural properties of connective tissues?

A

Tensile strength

Elasticity

Volume

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5
Q

What gives connective tissues their tensile strength?

A

Strong fibres of stuctural proteins from the collagen family

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6
Q

What gives connective tissues there elasticity?

A

Elastin fibres allowing it to return to its original shape

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7
Q

What gives connective tissues there volume?

A

Glycoproteins and complex carbohydrates forming the gound substance

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8
Q

What is the extracellular matrix (ECM)?

A

Combined mix of fibres and ground substance

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9
Q

What are 3 examples of connective tissue?

A

Blood

Bone

Adipose

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10
Q

What is the dominant function of muscle tissue?

A

To generate force through contraction

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11
Q

What are some properties of muscle tissues?

A

Contractile

Long thin cells

Cytoplasm packed with contractile apparatus

Shortens lenth, closing down spaces

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12
Q

What are the 3 forms of muscle tissue?

A

Skeletal muscle (voluntary movement)

Smooth muscle (involuntary movement)

Cardiac muscle (contractility of the heart)

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13
Q

What are key features of skeletal muscle?

A

Large, elongated cells, may be up to 1m

Multiple peripherally situated nuclei

Voluntary muscle

Arrange in fascicles with endomysium, perimysium and epimysium

Cross striations due to organisation of myofibrils

Sliding filament mechanism of contraction

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14
Q

What are key features of smooth muscle?

A

Small cells

Single central nucleus

Involuntary movement

Surrounded by network of collagen

No stiations

Cells shorten and broaden on contraction

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15
Q

What are key features of cardiac muscle?

A

Elongated branched cells joined by intercalated disks

Single central nucleus

Involuntary muscle

Branching interconnected cells

Cross striations due to myofibrils

Sliding filament mechanism of contraction

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16
Q

What are the functions of nervous tissue?

A

Communication

Integrate information

Recieve, generate and transmit electrical signals

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17
Q

What is nervous tissue composed of?

A

Neurons and glia

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18
Q

What are neurons?

A

Cells that carry electrical impulses

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19
Q

What is glia?

A

Provide support and protection for neurons

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20
Q

What does epithelium do?

A

Lines the outer surfaces of organs and bood vessels, as well as any inner surfaces

21
Q

What are functions of epithelial tissues?

A

Covers surfaces

Seperates compartments

22
Q

What is endothelium?

A

Cells that line the interior surface of blood vessels

23
Q

What specialised structures do the plasma membrane of epithelial cells exhibit to allow them to perform their function?

A

Intercellular surfaces (cell junctions)

Luminal surfaces (celia, microvilli or sterocilia)

Basal surfaces (connects to underlying connective tissue, basement membrane)

24
Q

What does the basal structure do?

A

Connects to underlying connective tissue

25
Q

What are the 3 different types of cell junctions?

A

Desmosomes (also called adhering junctions)

Tight junctions

Gap junctions

26
Q

What do desmosome junctions do?

A

Provide anchoring points for cytoskeletons by using transmembrane proteins

27
Q

Where are desmosome junctions often found?

A

In tissues that experience mechanical stress such as cardiac muscle and bladder tissue

28
Q

What do tight junctions do?

A

Seal interceullular space to block the passage of contents between cells

29
Q

Where are tight junctions found?

A

In the intestine and the stomach

30
Q

What do gap junctions do?

A

Allow cell to cell communication using transmembrane channels

31
Q

Where are gap junctions found?

A

Cardiac muscle and nerves

32
Q

What kinds of tissues are junctions found in?

A

All 4, epithelium, muscle, nervous and connective

33
Q

What is the basement membrane?

A

Connects epithelial tissue to connective tissues, providing structural support and passage of materials

34
Q

What is the basement membrane composed of?

A

Basal lamina

Reticular lamina

35
Q

What is the basal lamina?

A

Secreted by epithelial cells, on which they sit

36
Q

What is the reticular lamina?

A

Connects basal lamina to underlying connective tissue

37
Q

What are some examples of ECM junctions?

A

Hemidesmosomes (epidermis of skin)

Skin basal lamina

BV endothelium

38
Q

What are some secondary functions of epithelium?

A

Wear and tear (thick)

Diffusion (thin)

Movement

Absorption

39
Q

What are celium?

A

Finger like projections from apical surfaces that beat to move particles

40
Q

Where is celium found?

A

Trachea

41
Q

What is microvilli?

A

Finger like projections that increase the surface area to better allow absorption

42
Q

Where is microvilli found?

A

Small intestine

43
Q

What is epithelium classified by?

A

The number of cell layers

44
Q

What are the 2 classes of epithelium?

A

Simple (one layer)

Stratified (muliple layers)

45
Q

What can simple epithelial be?

A

Squamous (vascular endothelium)

Cuboidal (collecting tubule of kidney)

Columnar (small intestine)

46
Q

What can stratified epithelium be?

A

Squamous (epidermis of skin)

Cuboidal (exocrine gland ducts)

Columnar (urethra)

Transitional (bladder)

47
Q

Where is the only place transitional epithelium can be found?

A

In the urine tract to combat the toxicity of urine

48
Q

What is pseudostratified columnar epithelium?

A

Simple (all cells attatched to basement membrane) but stratified due to nuclei being at different points

49
Q

Where is pseudostratified columnar epithelium found?

A

Trachea

01. Year 1: Science for Medicine (55 decks)

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