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Science for medicine Bodi > Tissues 1 > Flashcards

Tissues 1 Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

What are the properties of epithelial tissues

A
  • Covers surfaces
  • Cells connected
  • Separates compartments
  • Cells define compartments
  • Has a diversity of secondary functions
  • Forms glands
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2
Q

What are properties of connective tissue?

A
  • It connects
  • Consists of few cells in extracellular matrix and fluid
  • Varies from Liquid to solid
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3
Q

Give three examples of connective tissue

A

Blood
Bone
Adipose

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4
Q

What is the function and features of connective tissues?

A
  • Long thin cells
  • Contractile
  • Cytoplasm packed with contractile apparatus
  • Shortens lengths,
  • Closes down spaces
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5
Q

What are the categories of muscle tissue

A

Skeletel
Smooth
Cardiac

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6
Q

What is the stretch of each muscle tissue

A

Skeletal & cardiac-Limited

Smooth- can stretch

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7
Q

What is nervous tissue important for?

A

Important in communication

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8
Q

What does nervous tissue consist of?

A

neurones and support cells (glee)

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9
Q

What does nervous tissue do?

A
  • Receives, generates and transmits electrical signals

- Integrates information from around the body

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10
Q

What are the histological features of skeletal muscle?

A
  • striated
  • highly ordered arrangement of contractile proteins
  • multiple nuclei per cell
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11
Q

What are the histological features of cardiac muscle?

A
  • striated
  • highly ordered arrangement of contractile proteins
  • single nuclei per cell
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12
Q

What are the histological features of smooth muscle?

A
  • non-stirated (smooth)

- less ordered arrangement of contractile protein

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13
Q

What do motor neurones consist of?

A

-cell body(soma)
-dendrites on cell body and terminal
axon and terminals

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14
Q

What do sensory neurones consist of?

A
  • cell body at side of axon
  • dendrites and receptor and terminal
  • axon
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15
Q

Plasma membrane involved in what in nerve physiology

A

generation and conduction of action potentials

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16
Q

Endothelium

A

refers to cells that line the inside of blood vessels

N.B this is technically not just a type of epithelium as has vimentin not keratin

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17
Q

How does epithelial tissue maintain coverage of surfaces?

A
  • Contact inhibition
  • strong Cell-cell junctions allow them to stick together
  • strong Cell-ECM junctions
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18
Q

what is a desmosome?

A

a cell-cell junction in which which cells stick together by a plaque of protein and filamentous proteins radiate out.

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19
Q

What is the purpose of a desmosome?

A

Firm anchorage

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20
Q

What type of junction is a desmosome?

A

cell-cell junction

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21
Q

What causes some desmosomes to be less strong than others?

A

some desmosomes lack plaque protein in centre

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22
Q

what type of junction is a tight junction?

A

cell-cell junction

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23
Q

what are desmosomes also know as?

A

adhering junctions or macula adherens

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24
Q

What is the function of a tight junction?

A

seals intercellular spaces

- prevents liquids leaking out or in

25
Q

What is the tight junction also known as?

A

occluding junctions

26
Q

What function do tight junctions serve in intestine?

A

seals intercellular junction between villus, preventing leak of digestive enzymes and bacteria into blood

27
Q

what type of junction is a gap junction

A

A cell-cell junction

28
Q

what is the function of a gap junction?

A

Cell to cell communication

29
Q

what is another term for gap junction?

A

communicating junction and nexus

30
Q

How do gap junctions allow for communication?

A

Holes in the membrane allow for the movement of small molecules (e.g. Calcium ion) which are involved in singling

31
Q

What its an example of a gap junction?

A

cardiac muscle-due to gap junctions all heart muscle contracts together

32
Q

What is the basement membrane composed of?

A

Basal Lamina, which sits on top of Reticular Lamina

33
Q

What is a Hemidesmosomes

A

Half a desmosome

connecting epithelial cells to basal Lamina

34
Q

Cell-ECM junctions

A
  • Skin to basal lamina
  • Blood vessel endothelium to basal lamina
  • both use hemidesmosomes
35
Q

Secondary roles of endothelium

A
  • Thick to resist wear and tear (e.g. skin)
  • Thin to allow diffusion
    (e. g. lining of alveoli or “endothelium of blood vessels”-technically not epithelium)
  • Movement:Cilia
  • Absorption:microvili
36
Q

What are cilia ?

A

Finger like projections from the apical surface involved in movement

37
Q

What does the apical surface face?

A

lumen or external environment

38
Q

what does basal surface face ?

A

basement membrane

39
Q

what is cilia made of?

A

9+2 arraignment of microtubules (made of tubulin) to give movement

40
Q

how many cilia are there per cell?

A

100s

41
Q

dimensions of a cilium

A

5-10 x 0.2 microns

42
Q

where would cilia be found?

A

e.g. trachea

43
Q

What are microvilli?

A

finger like projections from apical surface involved in absorption or secretion

44
Q

dimensions of microvilli

A

0.5x <0.1 microns (smaller than cilia)

45
Q

where would microvilli be found?

A

in small intestine on villus

46
Q

what are microvilli made of

A

actin cytoskeleton +spectrin cross links

47
Q

What is epithelial tissue good at

A 
adaptive power (e.g. epidermal stem cells)
reiterative power e.g. after skin cut
48
Q

What does the function of epithelial tissue depend on

A

the cells and not the extracellular matrix

49
Q

What is simple epithelia?

A

one cell thick

50
Q

what is stratified epithelia?

A

multiple cells thick

51
Q

what is Squamous epithelia?

A

thin layer

52
Q

What lines the mouth and blood vessels?

A

Simple Squamous epithelium

53
Q

what is cuboidal epithelia?

A

roughly cube-like, similar width as height as depth

54
Q

what is columnar epithelia?

A

noticeably more long than wide

55
Q

lining of gut and ovary is (….) epithelium

A

Columnar epithelium

56
Q

What epithelial tissue is skin made of?

A

Stratified Squamous epithelia with stem cells at Bottom and keratin at top.

57
Q

what epithelial tissue lines Salivary gland?

A

Stratified Cuboidal and Columnar

58
Q

what are stratified transitional epithelium? and what are there functions

A

AN epithelia that:

only lines the bladder and most of urinary tract (some portions of urethra not lined)

  • round
  • flexible as bladder stretches a lot
  • protective and impermeant to urine and its toxins
59
Q

What are Pseudostratified c(olumnar) epithelium

A

Not stratified but appears stratified, with all cells touching basement membrane and hence cells all having different shapes.
The trachea for example has pseudostratified (columnar) epithelium

NB. rarely occurs in cuboidal or squamous tissue.

Science for medicine Bodi (4 decks)

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