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Science for medicine Bodi > How Nerves Work 1 > Flashcards

How Nerves Work 1 Flashcards

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1
Q

What are the two main divisions of the nervous system?

A
  • The central nervous system

- The peripheral nervous system

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2
Q

What does the central system consist of?

A

the brain and spinal cord

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3
Q

what does the peripheral nervous system consist of

A

the nervous system outside the brain and spinal cord (including motor and sensory neurones as well as glia)

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4
Q

What is term for the division of the nervous system which controls voluntary function (skeletal muscle contraction)?

A

the somatic nervous system

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5
Q

What is term for the division of the nervous system which controls involuntary function

A

the autonomic nervous system

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6
Q

what is the term for the division of the nervous system which controls gut?

A

the enteric nervous system

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7
Q

what is the term given for the membranous covering of the brain and spinal cord?

A

Meninges

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8
Q

what is the function of the Meninges?

A

Protect the brain and spinal cord. There is cerebrospinal fluid within meninges (is this sufficient ask professor since technically not made by meninges)

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9
Q

what are the ridges of the cerebral cortex called?

A

the Gyrus (pleural: gyri)

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10
Q

what are the clefts of the cerebral cortex cold?

A

the Sulcus (pleural: Sulci)

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11
Q

Describe the four major parts of the brain?

A
  • Cerebellum
  • Cerebrum
  • Diencephalon
  • Brainstem
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12
Q

What is the cerebral cortex?

A

the outer layer of the cerebrum (the cerebral cortex ), composed of folded grey matter

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13
Q

what are the 4 lobes of the cerebral cortex and their position?

A
  • frontal lobe
  • temporal lobe
  • parietal lobe
  • occipital lobe

Check positions with:
https://www.mayoclinic.org/-/media/kcms/gbs/patient-consumer/images/2013/11/15/17/44/ds00266_ds00810_im03440_bn7_lobesthu_jpg.png

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14
Q

What is the diencephalon made up of, and their position?

A
  • Thalamus

- Hypothalamus (below thalamus)

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15
Q

What is the brainstem mad up of, and their position?

A

-Midbrain
-Pons
-Medulla oblongata
(top highest and bottom lowest)

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16
Q

How many cranial nerves are there

A

12

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17
Q

How many spinal nerves are there at each level?

A
  • 8 cervical
  • 12 thoracic
  • 5 lumbar
  • 5 sacral
  • 1 coccygeal
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18
Q

function of cerebellum

A

movement

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19
Q

1 function of thalamus

A

relay sensory and motor information from spinal cord to cerebral cortex

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20
Q

function of hypothalamus

A

important in regulating body temperature and releasing hormones

21
Q

function brainstem

A

basic tasks like controlling blood pressure , respiratory rhythm and cardiac rhythm

22
Q

function of brain lobes

A

Each side of your brain contains four lobes.

  • frontal lobe is important for cognitive functions and control of voluntary movement or activity.
  • The parietal lobe processes information about temperature, taste, touch and movement.
  • occipital lobe is primarily responsible for vision.
  • The temporal lobe processes memories, integrating them with sensations of taste, sound, sight and touch.
23
Q

What is a ganglion?

A

A set of cell bodies

24
Q

Afferent vs Efferent neurones

A

Afferent- sensory neurones that cary information towards CNS

Efferent-motor neurones that cary information away from CNS

25
Q

What are the two “matters” of the spinal cord and what are there positions

A

White matter and Grey matter

with grey matter on inside of spinal cord and white matter on outside

26
Q

Where are the cell bodies of sensory fibres?

A

Dorsal root ganglion

27
Q

Ventral vs Dorsal horn?

A

Ventral horns are anterior and dorsal horns are posterior

28
Q

Where are the cell bodies of motor fibres?

A

Ventral horn

29
Q

What is the purpose of the vertebra with regards to nervous system?

A

protect spinal cord

30
Q

What is inside the white matter?

A

Axons

31
Q

What is inside the grey matter?

A

Cell bodies

32
Q

What happens at the dorsal horn?

A

Afferent sensory fibres come in

33
Q

What happens at the ventral horn?

A

Efferent motor fibres go out

34
Q

What components make up a neuron?

A
  • Cell body (soma)
  • Dendrites
  • Initial segment (axon hillock)
  • Axon
  • Axon terminals (presynaptic terminals)
35
Q

Role of dendrites?

A

Dendrites receive electrical signals

36
Q

What does the axon hillock do?

A

-triggers action potential

37
Q

What does the axon do?

A

transmits the action potential

38
Q

What happens at presynaptic terminals?

A

release of neurotransmitter

39
Q

Describe afferent (sensory) neurones. Both in their function and position in organisation of nervous system

A
  • Peripheral nervous system

- Detect things in the environment

40
Q

Describe the interneurons. Both in their function and position in organisation of nervous system

A
  • CNS

- Decide what to do about sensory information

41
Q

Describe efferent (motor) neurones.Both in their function and position in organisation of nervous system

A
  • Peripheral nervous system

- Send signals leading to effect

42
Q

What are Glia?

A

Non-neuronal cells that maintain homeostasis of neurones by supporting neurones.

43
Q

What are the 3 types of glia (you have to know)?

A
  • Astrocytes
  • Oliodendrocytes
  • Microglia
44
Q

What do astrocytes do?

A
  • Maintain the external environment for the neurone

- Surround blood vessels and produce the blood brain barrier (e.g. ion changes don’t effect neurone)

45
Q

What do ogliodendrocytes do?

A

Form myelin sheaths in the CNS

46
Q

What do microglia do?

A

Phagocytic hoovers mopping up infection

47
Q

what do Ependymal cells do?

A

produce cerebral spinal fluid, lining the ventricles of brain and central canal of spinal cord

48
Q

what do the spinal tracts do?

A

cary electrical impulses between brain and spinal cord

49
Q

are Schwann cells glia?

A

Yes

Science for medicine Bodi (4 decks)

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