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FoundSci Unit 5 > Tissue Types & Cell Junctions > Flashcards

Tissue Types & Cell Junctions Flashcards

1
Q

Tissue

A

Similar cells in close proximity, working together towards a common function.

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2
Q

What does tissue composition and structure reflect?

A

The tissue’s function and the larger organ’s function

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3
Q

What are the four main tissue types?

A
  1. Epithelial Tissue
  2. Nervous Tissue
  3. Muscle Tissue
  4. Connective Tissue
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4
Q

What are the general functions of epithelial tissue?

A

Protection -> Convers external surfaces and lines internal surfaces and tubes

Secretion & Absorption

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5
Q

What is the cell to ECM composition in epithelial tissue?

A

Many cells is direct contact that forms clusters or sheets

Very little ECM - basement membrane only

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6
Q

Is epithelial tissue vascular?

A

No

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7
Q

What are the general functions of connective tissue?

A

Connecting to other tissues
Structural support and protection
Storage and exchange medium

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8
Q

What is the cell to ECM ratio of connective tissue?

A

Lots of cells that are not touching

Abundant ECM and many fibers

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9
Q

Is connective tissue vascular?

A

Sometimes

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10
Q

What are the general functions of muscle tissue?

A

Contraction and Movement

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11
Q

What is the cell to ECM ratio of muscle tissue?

A

Many cells in direct contact and some form bundles.

Some ECM

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12
Q

Is muscle tissue vascular?

A

Yes

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13
Q

What are the general functions of nervous tissue?

A

Receiving, transmitting, and integrating information

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14
Q

What is the cell to ECM ratio of nervous tissue?

A

Many cells in direct contact and some form bundles.

Some ECM in PNS and no ECM in CNS

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15
Q

Is the nervous tissue vascular?

A

Yes

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16
Q

What are the three domains of cells with orientation? What part of the tissue are they associated with?

A
  1. Apical - Close to lumen of duct, organ, skin surface, or vessel like fluid, blood, secretions
  2. Lateral - adjacent to neighboring cells
  3. Basal - close to basement membrane and whatever tissues form layer below
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17
Q

If a cell is surrounded on all sides by other cells, what are all of its sides considered?

A

Lateral Domains

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18
Q

What do cell junctions allow cells to do? What junctions are associated with each function?

A

Work as a team in communication, support, cohesiveness, and exclusivity.

Gap junctions - communication

Anchoring junctions - support, link cells to adjacent cells, prevent separation

Occluding (tight) junctions - cohesiveness and exclusivity, stop outside from entering

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19
Q

What are 3 components in most kinds of junctions?

A
  1. Transmembrane proteins - intercellular connecters
  2. Intracellular linker (attachment) proteins - intracellular adapters
  3. Cytoskeletal filaments - intracellular anchors
20
Q

What is the function of an occluding junction?

A

Seal off intercellular spaces from lumen contents

Keep domains separate - maintains polarity

Block pathogens from entering intercellular spaces

Regulate movement between cells - paracellular pathway

21
Q

Where are occluding junctions located on the cell?

A

Between the apical and basal domains of a cell

22
Q

What tissues have occluding junctions?

A

Common in surface/lining epithelia

Epidermis of skin

Cells lining ducts, GI tract, vessels, etc.

23
Q

What are the proteins involved in occluding tight junctions?

A

Transmembrane proteins - occludin and claudins

Intracellular linker proteins - ZO proteins (ZO-1, ZO-2, ZO-3)

Cytoskeletal component - actin filaments

24
Q

What is the function of an anchoring junction?

A

To keep the team of cells together by linking adjacent cells

Keep the cells grounded by anchoring cells to ECM (basement membrane)

Mechanotransduction - transmit forces through tissued

25
Q

Where are anchoring junctions located in epithelial cells?

A

Lateral domain - all around cell and they link adjacent cells and prevent separation from neighbors

Basal surface - link cells to basement membrane and keep cells anchored to underlying tissue

26
Q

What are the 4 kinds of anchoring junctions?

A

Adhesion Belt

Desmosomes

Hemidesmosomes

Focal adhesions

27
Q

What are the functions of adhesion belts?

A

Lateral adhesion between adjacent cells

28
Q

Where in the cell are adhesion belts located?

A

Continuous band on lateral surface, just below occluding junction

29
Q

Where are adhesion belts found?

A

Epithelial cells that have junctional complexes

30
Q

What proteins are involved in adhesion belts?

A

Transmembrane proteins - cadherins

Intracellular linker proteins - catenins, vinculin, and alpha-actinin

Cytoskeletal component - actin filaments

31
Q

What are the functions of desmosomes?

A

Lateral adhesions between adjacent cells

Help resist mechanical stress

Mechanotransduction

32
Q

Where are desmosomes located in cells?

A

Scattered around lateral domain

33
Q

What proteins are involved in desmosomes?

A

TMPS - cadherins

Intracellular linker proteins - desmoplakin and catenins

Cytoskeletal component - intermediate filaments

34
Q

What are the functions of hemidesmosomes?

A

Anchors cells to basement membrane/ECM

Prevent delamination of cell layer

Help cells resist abrasion, shearing

35
Q

Where are hemidesmosomes located in the cell?

A

Scattered around basal domain

36
Q

What tissues commonly have hemidesmosomes?

A

Common in cornea, vagina, and esophagus

37
Q

What proteins are involved in hemidesmosomes?

A

TMPS - integrins and type XVII collagen. Basement membrane or ECM component contains laminins and type IV collagen

Intracellular linker proteins - “desmoplakin-like” proteins

Cytoskeletal component - intermediate filaments

38
Q

What are the functions of focal adhesions?

A

Anchors cells to basement membrane/ECM

Regulate cell migration

Mechanotransuction from the extracellular environment into the cell

39
Q

Where are focal adhesions located within the cell?

A

Scattered around basal domain

40
Q

What proteins are involved in focal adhesions?

A

TMPS - integrins. Basement membrane or ECM component contains laminins and fibronectin

Intracellular linker proteins - talin, vinculin, alpha-actinin

Cytoskeletal component - actin filament

41
Q

What is the function of gap junctions?

A

Form cell to cell channels that allow direct exchange of metabolites and signals

Connect adjacent cells; cytoplasm

Coordinate cell activities across entire tissue

Exchange fluid and metabolites

Molecular and electric signaling - regulate cell growth, differentiation, and recognition

42
Q

What tissues commonly have gap junctions?

A

Muscle tissue, neurons, and epithelia. Also common in embryonic tissues

43
Q

Where are gap junctions located in the cell?

A

Scattered around lateral domain

44
Q

What proteins are associated with gap junctions?

A

TMPs - Each side has a channel called a connexon

6 connexins form a connexon

Each gap junction is a small region with many connexons

45
Q

What are the components of junctional complexes from top to bottom?

A

Occluding junction

Adhesion Belt

Ring of small desmosomes that goes all the way around the cells

FoundSci Unit 5 (10 decks)

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