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BIOL122 Anatomy & Tissues > Tissue Types > Flashcards

Tissue Types Flashcards

1
Q

What are the four basic tissue types?

A

Epithelial
Connective
Muscle
Nervous

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2
Q

True or false:

Nervous tissue comes from the mesoderm

A

False

Nervous tissue comes from the ectoderm

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3
Q

True or false:

Nervous tissue comes from the ectoderm

A

True

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4
Q

True or false:

Mesoderm becomes muscle tissue, nervous tissue and connective tissue?

A

False

Mesoderm becomes muscle tissue and connective tissue

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5
Q

True or false:

Mesoderm becomes muscle tissue and connective tissue?

A

True

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6
Q

True or false:

Out of the four basic types of tissue, endoderm can only become epithelial cells

A

True

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7
Q

True or false:

Epithelial cells can come from endoderm, ectoderm and mesoderm?

A

True

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8
Q

What are the five types of cell junctions?

A 
Tight
Adherens
Desmosome
Hemidesmosome
Gap
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9
Q

Features and functions of a tight junction

A

Forms impermeable tight seals, impossible for any molecule to pass through tight junction transmembrane proteins.

Protects against pathogens. Skin cells have them to prevent too much water loss/gain.

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10
Q

Features and functions of adherens junction

A

Mechanically holds cells together, internally connected to adhesion belt containing actin filaments.

Transmembrane glycoproteins called cadherin run through membrane.

Can contract or relax to change distance between cells.

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11
Q

Features and functions of a desmosome junction

A

Mechanically strong, keratin dissipates force throughout tissue.

Mechanically holds cells together, internally connected to keratin filaments which spread out from junction and connect to other desmosomes or hemidesmosomes.

Transmembrane glycoproteins called cadherin run through membrane and connect to keratin filaments.

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12
Q

Features and functions of a hemidesmosome junction

A

Mechanically strong, keratin dissipates force throughout tissue.

Internally connected to intermediate filaments which spread out from junction and connects to bottom of cell membrane.

Integrins run through membrane instead of cadherins.

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13
Q

Features and functions of a gap junction

A

Tiny pores allow passage of small molecules like ATP and ions between adjacent cells.

Contain six proteins called connexins and connexons, which connect to the same ones in adjacent cell, forming a 1.5nm diameter tube.

Allows electric signals to pass in cardiac muscles.

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14
Q

True or false:

Hemidesmosomes contain cadherin.

A

False.

They contain integrins instead.

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15
Q

True or false:

Hemidesmosomes contain integrins.

A

True

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16
Q

True or false:

Desmosomes contain cadherin.

A

True

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17
Q

True or false:

Desmosomes contain integrins.

A

False

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18
Q

True or false:

Adherens contain actin.

A

True

Allows cells to move closer or further away.

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19
Q

What are neuroglia?

A

Non-conducting cells in nervous tissue which insulate, support and protect neurones.

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20
Q

What are the three types of neuronal cell?

A

Unipolar: One process extending from cell body

Bipolar: Two processes extending from cell body

Multipolar: Many processes extending from cell body

21
Q

Somatic nervous system controls…

A

… skeletal muscle

22
Q

Autonomic nervous system controls…

A

Sympatheic and parasympathetic nervous system (smooth muscle, cardiac muscle, glands

Enteric nervous system (smooth muscles and glands of GI tract)

23
Q

What are the three types of muscle tissue?

A

Skeletal muscle

Cardiac muscle

Smooth muscle

24
Q

Features of skeletal muscle

A

Majority are attached to skeleton

Long cylindrical cells
Many peripheral nuclei
Striated appearance
Parallel fibres

Conscious control / voluntary movement

25
Q

Features of cardiac muscle

A

Found only in heart

Central nuclei
Striated
Intercalated disks (dark spots)

Involuntary

26
Q

Features of smooth muscle

A

Found in walls of hollow structures (blood vessels, intestines, lung airways)

Thick cells that go thinner (taper) either end
Central nucleus
No striations

Involuntary

27
Q

True or false:

Epithelium cells are avascular (no blood supply)

A

True

28
Q

True or false:

Epithelium cells are innervated by sensory nerves

A

True

29
Q

True or false:

Epithelium cells have a very low proliferative potential (rate of cell division)

A

False

They have a very high proliferative potential and are constantly being replaced.

30
Q

True or false:

Epithelium cells form continuous sheets

A

True

31
Q

Functions of epithelium cells

A 
Cover body surfaces
Lines hollow organs
Waterproofing
Forms glands
Often have secretory function
32
Q

Define simple epithelium

A

One layer of cells

33
Q

Define stratified epithelium

A

More than one layer of cells

34
Q

Define pseudostratified epitherlium

A

One layer of cells that look like more layers due to irregular nuclei arrangement.

35
Q

Define squamous cell shape

A

Flat

36
Q

Define cuboidal cell shape

A

Cuboid, quite square

37
Q

Define columnar cell shape

A

Column shape, tall

38
Q

State three shapes of epithelium cell

A

Squamous
Cuboidal
Columnar

39
Q

True or false:

Simple and stratified epithelium can come as any cell shape (squamous, cuboidal or columnar)

A

True

40
Q

True or false:

Pseudostratified epithelium can come as any cell shape (squamous, cuboidal or columnar)

A

False

It can only be columnar

41
Q

True or false:

Transitional epithelium is a type of stratified epithelium

A

True

42
Q

Function of simple squamous epithelium

Where might you find it?

A

Filtration (eg; ion exchange) or diffusion (eg; gaseous exchange

Capillaries, alveoli, lymphatic vessels, kidneys

43
Q

Function of simple cuboidal epithelium

Where might you find it?

A

Secretion and absorption

Small glands, kidney tubules

44
Q

Function of simple columnar epithelium (non-ciliated)

Where might you find it?

A

Absorption and secretion (eg; enzymes)

Digestive tract, gall bladder, some excretory glands

45
Q

Function of simple columnar epithelium (cilliated)

Where might you find it?

A

Moves mucous in lungs, eggs in fallopian tubes

Upper respiratory tract, fallopian tubes

46
Q

Function of stratified squamous epithelium

Where might you find it?

A

Protection from abrasion

Skin (keratinised, oesophagus (non-keratinised)

47
Q

Function of stratified cuboidal epithelium

Where might you find it?

A

Protection, secretion, absorption

Large ducts of glands (eg; prostate gland)

48
Q

Function of stratified columnar epithelium

Where might you find it?

A

Protection, secretion

Urethra, ducts of some glands, salivary gland

49
Q

Function of transitional epithelium

Where might you find it?

A

Permits distention - can stretch extensively

Urinary bladder, ureters

BIOL122 Anatomy & Tissues (9 decks)

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