Tissue Types Flashcards by Anonymous Female

What are the four basic tissue types?

Epithelial
Connective
Muscle
Nervous

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True or false:

Nervous tissue comes from the mesoderm

False

Nervous tissue comes from the ectoderm

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True or false:

Nervous tissue comes from the ectoderm

True

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True or false:

Mesoderm becomes muscle tissue, nervous tissue and connective tissue?

False

Mesoderm becomes muscle tissue and connective tissue

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True or false:

Mesoderm becomes muscle tissue and connective tissue?

True

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True or false:

Out of the four basic types of tissue, endoderm can only become epithelial cells

True

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True or false:

Epithelial cells can come from endoderm, ectoderm and mesoderm?

True

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What are the five types of cell junctions?

Tight
Adherens
Desmosome
Hemidesmosome
Gap

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Features and functions of a tight junction

Forms impermeable tight seals, impossible for any molecule to pass through tight junction transmembrane proteins.

Protects against pathogens. Skin cells have them to prevent too much water loss/gain.

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Features and functions of adherens junction

Mechanically holds cells together, internally connected to adhesion belt containing actin filaments.

Transmembrane glycoproteins called cadherin run through membrane.

Can contract or relax to change distance between cells.

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Features and functions of a desmosome junction

Mechanically strong, keratin dissipates force throughout tissue.

Mechanically holds cells together, internally connected to keratin filaments which spread out from junction and connect to other desmosomes or hemidesmosomes.

Transmembrane glycoproteins called cadherin run through membrane and connect to keratin filaments.

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Features and functions of a hemidesmosome junction

Mechanically strong, keratin dissipates force throughout tissue.

Internally connected to intermediate filaments which spread out from junction and connects to bottom of cell membrane.

Integrins run through membrane instead of cadherins.

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Features and functions of a gap junction

Tiny pores allow passage of small molecules like ATP and ions between adjacent cells.

Contain six proteins called connexins and connexons, which connect to the same ones in adjacent cell, forming a 1.5nm diameter tube.

Allows electric signals to pass in cardiac muscles.

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True or false:

Hemidesmosomes contain cadherin.

False.

They contain integrins instead.

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True or false:

Hemidesmosomes contain integrins.

True

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True or false:

Desmosomes contain cadherin.

True

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True or false:

Desmosomes contain integrins.

False

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True or false:

Adherens contain actin.

True

Allows cells to move closer or further away.

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What are neuroglia?

Non-conducting cells in nervous tissue which insulate, support and protect neurones.

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What are the three types of neuronal cell?

Unipolar: One process extending from cell body

Bipolar: Two processes extending from cell body

Multipolar: Many processes extending from cell body

Somatic nervous system controls…

… skeletal muscle

Autonomic nervous system controls…

Sympatheic and parasympathetic nervous system (smooth muscle, cardiac muscle, glands

Enteric nervous system (smooth muscles and glands of GI tract)

What are the three types of muscle tissue?

Skeletal muscle

Cardiac muscle

Smooth muscle

Features of skeletal muscle

Majority are attached to skeleton

Long cylindrical cells
Many peripheral nuclei
Striated appearance
Parallel fibres

Conscious control / voluntary movement

Features of cardiac muscle

Found only in heart Central nuclei Striated Intercalated disks (dark spots) Involuntary

Features of smooth muscle

Found in walls of hollow structures (blood vessels, intestines, lung airways) Thick cells that go thinner (taper) either end Central nucleus No striations Involuntary

True or false: | Epithelium cells are avascular (no blood supply)

True

True or false: | Epithelium cells are innervated by sensory nerves

True

True or false: | Epithelium cells have a very low proliferative potential (rate of cell division)

False | They have a very high proliferative potential and are constantly being replaced.

True or false: | Epithelium cells form continuous sheets

True

Functions of epithelium cells

``` Cover body surfaces Lines hollow organs Waterproofing Forms glands Often have secretory function ```

Define simple epithelium

One layer of cells

Define stratified epithelium

More than one layer of cells

Define pseudostratified epitherlium

One layer of cells that look like more layers due to irregular nuclei arrangement.

Define squamous cell shape

Flat

Define cuboidal cell shape

Cuboid, quite square

Define columnar cell shape

Column shape, tall

State three shapes of epithelium cell

Squamous Cuboidal Columnar

True or false: | Simple and stratified epithelium can come as any cell shape (squamous, cuboidal or columnar)

True

True or false: | Pseudostratified epithelium can come as any cell shape (squamous, cuboidal or columnar)

False | It can only be columnar

True or false: | Transitional epithelium is a type of stratified epithelium

True

Function of simple squamous epithelium Where might you find it?

Filtration (eg; ion exchange) or diffusion (eg; gaseous exchange Capillaries, alveoli, lymphatic vessels, kidneys

Function of simple cuboidal epithelium Where might you find it?

Secretion and absorption Small glands, kidney tubules

Function of simple columnar epithelium (non-ciliated) Where might you find it?

Absorption and secretion (eg; enzymes) Digestive tract, gall bladder, some excretory glands

Function of simple columnar epithelium (cilliated) Where might you find it?

Moves mucous in lungs, eggs in fallopian tubes Upper respiratory tract, fallopian tubes

Function of stratified squamous epithelium Where might you find it?

Protection from abrasion Skin (keratinised, oesophagus (non-keratinised)

Function of stratified cuboidal epithelium Where might you find it?

Protection, secretion, absorption Large ducts of glands (eg; prostate gland)

Function of stratified columnar epithelium Where might you find it?

Protection, secretion Urethra, ducts of some glands, salivary gland

Function of transitional epithelium Where might you find it?

Permits distention - can stretch extensively Urinary bladder, ureters