Tissue Repair - Mesa Flashcards

1
Q

Regeneration

A

Growth of cells to replace lost tissue

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2
Q

Healing

A

A reparative tissue response to a wound, inflammation or necrosis, often leads to fibrosis

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3
Q

Proliferation

A

• Cell division triggered hormonally (EPO, CSF)

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4
Q

Labile proliferation

A
  • Continuously dividing

* Occurs in marrow, GI

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5
Q

Quiescent proliferation

A

Liver and kidney

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6
Q

Non-mitotic proliferation

A

Neurons, striated muscle

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7
Q

Differentiation

A
  • Unidirectional process

* Gain some speciality but lose versatility

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8
Q

Ectoderm

A

Hair, nails, skin and nervous system

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9
Q

Mesoderm

A

Circulatory system, lungs and muscular/skeletal system

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10
Q

Endoderm

A

Digestive system, liver, pancreas and inner layer of lungs

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11
Q

Obligatory asymmetric replication

A

With each stem cell division, one of the daughter cells retains its self-renewing capacity while the other enters a differentiation pathway

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12
Q

Stochastic differentiation

A

A stem cell population is maintained by the balance between stem cell divisions that generate either two self-renewing stem cells or two cells that will differentiate

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13
Q

Embryonic stem cells

A
  • Pluripotent and can generate all tissues of the body

* Can give rise to multi potent stem cells

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14
Q

Reproductive cloning

A

Differentiated cells are reprogrammed to become pluripotent by transferring their nucleus to an enucleated oocyte

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15
Q

Adult (somatic) stem cells

A

Present in continuously dividing cells such as bone marrow, skin and lining of GI tract

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16
Q

Which cells have a limited capacity for differentiation?

A

Progenitor cells

17
Q

Cell cycle

A

• G0: Quiescent (not a very long or dominant phase)
• G1: Pre-synthetic, but growth taking place.
• G1/S transition: aka restriction point (rate-limiting step for replication)
• S
- Cells which have continuous “turnover” have longer, or larger S phases, i.e., DNA synthesis
- S-phase of tumor cells can be prognostic
• G2: Pre-mitotic
• G2/M transition: another checkpoint to survey post-replication DNA integrity.
• M: (Mitotic:, P, M, A, T, Cytokinesis)