Tissue Repair - Mesa Flashcards
Regeneration
Growth of cells to replace lost tissue
Healing
A reparative tissue response to a wound, inflammation or necrosis, often leads to fibrosis
Proliferation
• Cell division triggered hormonally (EPO, CSF)
Labile proliferation
- Continuously dividing
* Occurs in marrow, GI
Quiescent proliferation
Liver and kidney
Non-mitotic proliferation
Neurons, striated muscle
Differentiation
- Unidirectional process
* Gain some speciality but lose versatility
Ectoderm
Hair, nails, skin and nervous system
Mesoderm
Circulatory system, lungs and muscular/skeletal system
Endoderm
Digestive system, liver, pancreas and inner layer of lungs
Obligatory asymmetric replication
With each stem cell division, one of the daughter cells retains its self-renewing capacity while the other enters a differentiation pathway
Stochastic differentiation
A stem cell population is maintained by the balance between stem cell divisions that generate either two self-renewing stem cells or two cells that will differentiate
Embryonic stem cells
- Pluripotent and can generate all tissues of the body
* Can give rise to multi potent stem cells
Reproductive cloning
Differentiated cells are reprogrammed to become pluripotent by transferring their nucleus to an enucleated oocyte
Adult (somatic) stem cells
Present in continuously dividing cells such as bone marrow, skin and lining of GI tract