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Disease and Defense 2 > Tissue Repair > Flashcards

Tissue Repair Flashcards

1
Q

What is the onset and duration of acute inflammation compared to chronic inflammation?

A

acute- onsets in seconds to minutes and lasts days while chronic onsets in days and can last months.

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2
Q

What is regeneration?

What is repair

A

regen- replacing wounded tissues with same type of tissue (native tissue)
repair- replace with scar

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3
Q

Tissues are divided into ___ types based on their regenerative capabilities. What are they?

A

3

  1. labile tisses
  2. Stable tissues
  3. permanent tissues
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4
Q

what are labile tissues?

A

continuously cycle to regenerate tissue (such as skin; have stem cells which can regenerate)

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5
Q

Where are stem cells in the small and large bowel? skin? bone marrow? lung?

A

crypts
basal layer
hematopoietic stem cells (marker is CD34 important to know)
type 2 pneumocyte

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6
Q

What are stable tissues? whats an example?

A

sit outside of regenerative cycle (are quiescent) but reenter cell cycle.
The liver can regenerate by compensatory hyperplasia after partial resection. Hepatocytes produce additional cells and then re-enter quiescence.

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7
Q

What are permanent tissues?

what are some examples?

A

lack significant regenerative potential.

myocardium, skeletal muscle, neurons

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8
Q

how do permanent tissues heal if damaged?

A

through repair- i.e. a scar because they can’t regenerate.

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9
Q

transudate is usually associated with ____. Describe transudate.

A

hydrostatic pressure. Low number of proteins compared to fluid. Fluid leaks out of vessel. Protein stays in vessel. Low protein can cause these leaky vessels.

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10
Q

exudate is usually associated with ______. Describe exudate.

A

Inflammation. there is space between the cells and fluid and proteins will leak out.

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11
Q

Acute inflammation is associated with what vascular response?

A 
vasodilation (increased flow)
vascular permeability (transudate/exudate)
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12
Q

What cell is responsible for Growth Factor Secretion?

A

Macrophage.

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13
Q

What cell is responsible for Neovascularization?

A

Endothelial Cell

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14
Q

What cell is responsible for Collagen deposition?

A

fibroblast/myofibroblast

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15
Q

What cell is responsible for collagen remodeling/retraction?

A

fibroblast

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16
Q

What cell is responsible for re-epithelialization/regeneration?

A

epithelial cell/ hepatocytes

17
Q

What is granulation tissue?

A

new vascular tissue on the healing surface of a wound.

18
Q

What in granulation tissue composed of?

A

fibroblasts
new capillaries
loose ECM
inflammatory cells (mostly macrophages)

19
Q

what is reepithelialization?

A

repair of the epithelium.

20
Q

what is repair of the liver called?

A

regeneration.

21
Q

How is epithelium repaired?

A

Reepitheliazation. cells are rapidly replaced by proliferation of residual cells. The basement membrane must be intact in order for this to work.

22
Q

How are organ systems such as the liver repaired?

A

Through regeneration. Loss of liver mass or inflammation triggers cytokines and growth factors to regenerate. Can occur by proliferation of surviving hepatocytes or repopulation of progenitor cells.

23
Q

What is the process of forming a normal scar?

A

angiogenesis–>granulation tissue–>maturation and reorganization of fibrous tissue (remodeling)–>stable fibrous scar

24
Q

The intial scar is made of what?

A

collagen type III

25
Q

scar remodeling occurs with what type of collagen?

A

type I

26
Q

What is the distinguishes a pathologic scar from a normal scar?

A

accumulation of excessive amounts of collagen

27
Q

What are two types of pathologic scars?

A

hypertrophic and Keloid

28
Q

Whats the difference between a hypertrophic and keloid type of pathologic scar?

A

both grow outside the bondaries of the injury. A hypertrophic scar regresses however. A keloid persists.

29
Q

What are local factors that can adversely influence repair?

A

infection
persistence of insult
trauma (either by early movement prior to full repair or by foreign material)

30
Q

what are nutritional systemic factors that can adversely influence repair?

A

This impairs collagen synthesis. Can occur via protein deficiency or vitamin C deficiency

31
Q

what are metabolic systemic factors that can adversely influence repair?

A

This delays repair. It occurs in diabetes and with glucocorticoids (this inhibit collagen synthesis)

32
Q

What are the systemic factors (general) that can adversely influence repair?

A

nutritional
metabolic
venous drainage impairment

33
Q

how do varicose veins adversely influence repair

A

impairs venous drainage (a systemic impairment)

Disease and Defense 2 (7 decks)

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