TISSUE MECHANICS AND INJURY (L3) Flashcards

1
Q

known as inert tissue, present in all joints

A

Connective tissue

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2
Q

all CT has an (blank), composed on cellular, fibrous, and non-fibrous components

A

extracellular matrix

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3
Q

attracts and binds water, support substance for fibrous and cellular components, contributes to strength of tissue

A

proteoglycans

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4
Q

Type __ collagen. Thick fibers with very little elongation, resists TENSILE forces

A

Type 1 collagen

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5
Q

Type __ collagen. Thinner fibers that are less stiff, resist COMPRESSION and SHEAR.

A

Type 2 collagen

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6
Q

Type __ collagen. Found in skin, more important for healing

A

Type 3 collagen

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7
Q

Resident vs. circularting cells?

A

resident cells always present in ECM. circulating cells present only with inflammation or damage.

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8
Q

Ligaments are composed of primary these fibers:

A

Type 1 collagen arranged in line with the tensile forces… can run in multiple directions however

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9
Q

Tendons are composed primarily of these fibers:

A

type 1 collagen fibers.

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10
Q

What is the fibrocartilagenous junction?

A

the area between tendon and bone of gradual change in structure.

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11
Q

4 zones of fibrocartilagenous junction?

A
  1. bone
  2. calcified fibrocartilage
  3. uncalcified fibrocartilage
  4. tendon
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12
Q

Whats the difference between the 2 types of cartilage (hyaline and fibrocartilage)?

A

Hyaline = type 2 collagen, many more proteoglycans, relies on chemical properties and movement of water
Fibrocartilage: type 1 fibers, fewer proteoglycans, relies on nutrients from water

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13
Q

Which collagen type is bone, and what are the two types of bone?

A

Type 1 collagen, cancellous (spongy) and compact bone (cortical)

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14
Q

region where any slack of the tissue is stretched out before stressing, and where the tissue returns to if the deformation isnt permanent

A

toe region

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15
Q

region between toe and plastic region where normal deformation occurs

A

elastic region

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16
Q

where the elastic region meets plastic region, end of the elastic region and where afterwards permanent changes will occur

A

yield point

17
Q

region where the tissue deforms permanently

A

plastic region

18
Q

the point where, if the load continues through the plastic region, the tissue will fail.

A

ultimate failure point

19
Q

the force applied to a cross sectional unit or area

20
Q

the percentage change in the length or cross sectional area of a material

21
Q

the continuous change in a tissue’s shape with applied load

22
Q

more stiffness and more force required to deform tissue at a _____ load vs less stiffness and less force at a _____ load

A

fast load, slow load

23
Q

Bone is not compliant (T/F)

24
Q

frequent loading of a bone with low magnitude leads to a

A

stress fracture

25
a single load of high enough magnitude to cause a fracture
complete failure
26
continuous _________ loads modify tendons to resemble cartilage, vs. continuous _________ loads increase tissue size, collagen %, and cross linking of collagen
compressive, tensile
27
tendons are less resistant to tensile stress than ligaments (T/F)
FALSE - tendons are MORE resistant to tensile stress than ligaments
28
cartilage resists load in the following process
1) Stress developed in the ECM 2) Swelling pressures developed in interstitial fluid 3) frictional drag resulting from fluid flow throughout the ECM
29
Group from smallest to largest: fascicle, myofilament, myofibril
myofilament, myofibril, fascicle
30
Describe the four phases of the cross bridge cycle:
1. Coupling: calcium released, binds to troponin, troponin moves away from myosin binding site 2. Contraction: myosin heads bind to the site with ADP (lose a phosphate, get a contraction) 3. Uncoupling: the loss of phosphate opens up a site for the ATP to bind
31
the rigid, most stable position of the joint. The greatest protection of the joint.
closed packed position
32
the more open space that is any other position other than closed packed
open packed position
33
a specific loose packed position with the most minimal congruency between surfaces, greatest laxity in capsule and ligament
resting position
34
constant length phenonmenon
the limitation of movement at one joint is dependent on the position at which another joint is held.