PAIN PATHWAYS AND MODULATION (L1)

Question 1

An unpleasant sensory and emotional experience associated with actual or potential tissue damage

Answer 1

PAIN

Question 2

There are pain receptors in articular cartilage and synovial fluid (T/F)

Answer 2

False

Question 3

There are pain receptors in skin, muscle and bone (T/F)

Answer 3

True

Question 4

What is the name for pain receptors that activate afferent pathways

Answer 4

nociceptors

Question 5

what are the three types of pain stimuli:

Answer 5

Chemical, mechanical, thermal

Question 6

Afferent or ascending fibers relay messages to:

efferent or descending fibers carry messages to:

Answer 6

the brain, the spinal cord

Question 7

transmission - perception - modulation - receptors can be described as

Answer 7

The pain pathway

Question 8

these neurons travel from the source of stimuli to the dorsal root ganglion of the spinal cord

Answer 8

Primary afferents or 1st order neurons

Question 9

3 types of 1st order neurons?

Answer 9

A beta fibers, A delta fibers, C fibers

Question 10

sensory fibers from skin receptors, non- nociceptive fibers, do not transmit pain

Answer 10

A beta fibers

Question 11

myelinated, fast signals, respond to noxious or painful mechanical stimuli

Answer 11

A delta fibers

Question 12

unmyelinated, slow pain, respond to noxious heat or chemical stimuli

Answer 12

C fibers

Question 13

This neuron is located in the dorsal horn of the spinal cord, and either prevents or is blocked from preventing painful stimuli.

Answer 13

inhibitory neuron

Question 14

follow two afferent pathways to the brain. Mostly lateral spinothalamic tract (80%) or spinoreticular tract

Answer 14

2nd order neurons or ascending neurons

Question 15

The relay station for pain in brain

Answer 15

Thalamus

Question 16

depending on the context, pain might not be felt during injury (T/F)

Answer 16

True

Question 17

non painful input closes the gates to painful input

Answer 17

Gate Control Theory

Question 18

which fibers block pain impulses at the spinal cord carried by A-delta and C fibers?

Answer 18

ascending A beta

Question 19

Sensory receptors are large diameter, for this reason they can stimulate inhibitory neuron - closing the gate to pain (T/F)

Answer 19

True

Question 20

Nociceptors all small diameter, for this reason they can inhibit the inhibitory neuron (opening the gate to pain) T/F

Answer 20

True

Question 21

endogenous opioids are released by the brain when:

Answer 21

in response to pain perception

Question 22

Enkephalins, Endorphins, and Dynorphins are three classes of:

Answer 22

Opioids

Question 23

Opioids have a slower effect but long lasting, need the circulation of chemicals (T/F)

Answer 23

True

Question 24

Melzack’s Pain Experience involves these 3 states

Answer 24

A (motivational affective) - unpleasantness of the experience
C (cognitive evaluative) - cognitive state, culture, values
S (Sensory discriminative) - location, type, quality