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Tissue Level of Org Flashcards

1
Q

connective tissue

A

type of tissue that serves to hold in place, connect, and integrate the body’s organs and systems

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2
Q

connective tissue membrane

A

connective tissue that encapsulates organs and lines movable joints

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3
Q

cutaneous membrane

A

skin; epithelial tissue made up of a stratified squamous epithelial cells that cover the outside of the body

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4
Q

ectoderm

A

outermost embryonic germ layer from which the epidermis and the nervous tissue derive

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5
Q

endoderm

A

innermost embryonic germ layer from which most of the digestive system and lower respiratory system derive

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6
Q

epithelial membrane

A

epithelium attached to a layer of connective tissue

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7
Q

epithelial tissue

A

type of tissue that serves primarily as a covering or lining of body parts, protecting the body; it also functions in absorption, transport, and secretion

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8
Q

histology

A

microscopic study of tissue architecture, organization, and function

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9
Q

lamina propria

A

areolar connective tissue underlying a mucous membrane

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10
Q

mesoderm

A

middle embryonic germ layer from which connective tissue, muscle tissue, and some epithelial tissue derive

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11
Q

mucous membrane

A

tissue membrane that is covered by protective mucous and lines tissue exposed to the outside environment

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12
Q

muscle tissue

A

type of tissue that is capable of contracting and generating tension in response to stimulation; produces movement

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13
Q

nervous tissue

A

type of tissue that is capable of sending and receiving impulses through electrochemical signals

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14
Q

serous membrane

A

type of tissue membrane that lines body cavities and lubricates them with serous fluid

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15
Q

synovial membrane

A

connective tissue membrane that lines the cavities of freely movable joints, producing synovial fluid for lubrication

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16
Q

tissue

A

group of cells that are similar in form and perform related functions

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17
Q

tissue membrane

A

thin layer or sheet of cells that covers the outside of the body, organs, and internal cavities

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18
Q

totipotent

A

embryonic cells that have the ability to differentiate into any type of cell and organ in the body

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19
Q

gland

A

structure made up of one or more cells modified to synthesize and secrete chemical substances

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20
Q

anchoring junction

A

mechanically attaches adjacent cells to each other or to the basement membrane

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21
Q

apical

A

that part of a cell or tissue which, in general, faces an open space

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22
Q

apocrine secretion

A

release of a substance along with the apical portion of the cell

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23
Q

basal lamina

A

thin extracellular layer that lies underneath epithelial cells and separates them from other tissues

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24
Q

basement membrane

A

in epithelial tissue, a thin layer of fibrous material that anchors the epithelial tissue to the underlying connective tissue; made up of the basal lamina and reticular lamina

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25
cell junction
point of cell-to-cell contact that connects one cell to another in a tissue
26
endocrine gland
groups of cells that release chemical signals into the intercellular fluid to be picked up and transported to their target organs by blood
27
endothelium
tissue that lines vessels of the lymphatic and cardiovascular system, made up of a simple squamous epithelium
28
exocrine gland
group of epithelial cells that secrete substances through ducts that open to the skin or to internal body surfaces that lead to the exterior of the body
29
gap junction
allows cytoplasmic communications to occur between cells
30
goblet cell
unicellular gland found in columnar epithelium that secretes mucous
31
holocrine secretion
release of a substance caused by the rupture of a gland cell, which becomes part of the secretion
32
merocrine secretion
release of a substance from a gland via exocytosis
33
mesothelium
simple squamous epithelial tissue which covers the major body cavities and is the epithelial portion of serous membranes
34
mucous gland
group of cells that secrete mucous, a thick, slippery substance that keeps tissues moist and acts as a lubricant
35
pseudostratified columnar epithelium
tissue that consists of a single layer of irregularly shaped and sized cells that give the appearance of multiple layers; found in ducts of certain glands and the upper respiratory tract
36
reticular lamina
matrix containing collagen and elastin secreted by connective tissue; a component of the basement membrane
37
serous gland
group of cells within the serous membrane that secrete a lubricating substance onto the surface
38
simple columnar epithelium
tissue that consists of a single layer of column-like cells; promotes secretion and absorption in tissues and organs
39
simple cuboidal epithelium
tissue that consists of a single layer of cube-shaped cells; promotes secretion and absorption in ducts and tubules
40
simple squamous epithelium
tissue that consists of a single layer of flat scale-like cells; promotes diffusion and filtration across surface
41
stratified columnar epithelium
tissue that consists of two or more layers of column-like cells, contains glands and is found in some ducts
42
stratified cuboidal epithelium
tissue that consists of two or more layers of cube-shaped cells, found in some ducts
43
stratified squamous epithelium
tissue that consists of multiple layers of cells with the most apical being flat scale-like cells; protects surfaces from abrasion
44
tight junction
forms an impermeable barrier between cells
45
transitional epithelium
form of stratified epithelium found in the urinary tract, characterized by an apical layer of cells that change shape in response to the presence of urine
46
adipocytes
lipid storage cells
47
adipose tissue
specialized areolar tissue rich in stored fat
48
areolar tissue
(also, loose connective tissue) a type of connective tissue proper that shows little specialization with cells dispersed in the matrix
49
chondrocytes
cells of the cartilage
50
collagen fiber
flexible fibrous proteins that give connective tissue tensile strength
51
connective tissue proper
connective tissue containing a viscous matrix, fibers, and cells
52
dense connective tissue
connective tissue proper that contains many fibers that provide both elasticity and protection
53
elastic cartilage
type of cartilage, with elastin as the major protein, characterized by rigid support as well as elasticity
54
elastic fiber
fibrous protein within connective tissue that contains a high percentage of the protein elastin that allows the fibers to stretch and return to original size
55
fibroblast
most abundant cell type in connective tissue, secretes protein fibers and matrix into the extracellular space
56
fibrocartilage
tough form of cartilage, made of thick bundles of collagen fibers embedded in chondroitin sulfate ground substance
57
fibrocyte
less active form of fibroblast
58
fluid connective tissue
specialized cells that circulate in a watery fluid containing salts, nutrients, and dissolved proteins
59
ground substance
fluid or semi-fluid portion of the matrix
60
hyaline cartilage
most common type of cartilage, smooth and made of short collagen fibers embedded in a chondroitin sulfate ground substance
61
lacunae
(singular = lacuna) small spaces in bone or cartilage tissue that cells occupy
62
loose connective tissue
(also, areolar tissue) type of connective tissue proper that shows little specialization with cells dispersed in the matrix
63
matrix
extracellular material which is produced by the cells embedded in it, containing ground substance and fibers
64
mesenchymal cell
adult stem cell from which most connective tissue cells are derived
65
mesenchyme
embryonic tissue from which connective tissue cells derive
66
mucous connective tissue
specialized loose connective tissue present in the umbilical cord
67
parenchyma
functional cells of a gland or organ, in contrast with the supportive or connective tissue of a gland or organ
68
reticular fiber
fine fibrous protein, made of collagen subunits, which cross-link to form supporting “nets” within connective tissue
69
reticular tissue
type of loose connective tissue that provides a supportive framework to soft organs, such as lymphatic tissue, spleen, and the liver
70
supportive connective tissue
type of connective tissue that provides strength to the body and protects soft tissue
71
cardiac muscle
heart muscle, under involuntary control, composed of striated cells that attach to form fibers, each cell contains a single nucleus, contracts autonomously
72
myocyte
muscle cells
73
skeletal muscle
usually attached to bone, under voluntary control, each cell is a fiber that is multinucleated and striated
74
smooth muscle
under involuntary control, moves internal organs, cells contain a single nucleus, are spindle-shaped, and do not appear striated; each cell is a fiber
75
striation
alignment of parallel actin and myosin filaments which form a banded pattern
76
astrocyte
star-shaped cell in the central nervous system that regulates ions and uptake and/or breakdown of some neurotransmitters and contributes to the formation of the blood-brain barrier
77
myelin
layer of lipid inside some neuroglial cells that wraps around the axons of some neurons
78
neuroglia
supportive neural cells
79
neuron
excitable neural cell that transfer nerve impulses
80
oligodendrocyte
neuroglial cell that produces myelin in the brain
81
Schwann cell
neuroglial cell that produces myelin in the peripheral nervous system
82
apoptosis
programmed cell death
83
atrophy
loss of mass and function
84
clotting
also called coagulation; complex process by which blood components form a plug to stop bleeding
85
histamine
chemical compound released by mast cells in response to injury that causes vasodilation and endothelium permeability
86
inflammation
response of tissue to injury
87
necrosis
accidental death of cells and tissues
88
primary union
edges of a wound are close enough together to promote healing without the use of stitches to hold them close
89
secondary union
wound healing facilitated by wound contraction
90
vasodilation
widening of blood vessels
91
wound contraction
process whereby the borders of a wound are physically drawn together

Anatomy (2 decks)

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