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ANAPHY AND PHYSIOLOGY > TISSUE (LEC) > Flashcards

TISSUE (LEC) Flashcards

1
Q

are collections of structurally similar cells with related functions

A

Tissues

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2
Q

The four primary tissues are
__________, _________,
__________, and _________ tissues.

A

epithelial, connective, muscle, nervous

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3
Q

Function of Nervous tissue

A

Internal communication

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4
Q

Location of Nervous Tissue

A

Brain, spinal cord, and nerves

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5
Q

Function of Muscle Tissue

A

Contracts to cause movement

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6
Q

Location of Muscle Tissue

A

•Muscles attached to bones (skeletal)
•Muscles of heart (cardiac)
•Muscles of walls of hollow organs (smooth)

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7
Q

Function of Epithelial Tissue

A

Forms boundaries between different environments, protects, secretes, absorbs, filters

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8
Q

Location of Epithelial tissue

A

Skin surface (epidermis)
Lining of GI tract organs and other hollow organs

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9
Q

Function of Connective Tissue

A

Supports, protects, binds other tissues together

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10
Q

Location of Connective Tissue

A

Bones
Tendons
Fat and other soft padding tissue

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11
Q

Epithelial tissue is the ________, _______, and ________ tissue of
the body.

A

covering, lining and glandular

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12
Q

Two main types of Epithelium (by location)

A
  • Covering and lining epithelia
  • Glandular epithelia
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13
Q

where to find Covering and lining epithelia

A

On external and internal surfaces

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14
Q

where to find Glandular epithelia

A

Secretory tissue in glands

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15
Q

Cells have ____________.

A

polarity

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16
Q

Special characteristics of Epithelial Tissue

A

1.Cells have polarity
2.Are composed of closely packed cells
3.Supported by a connective tissue reticular lamina
4.avascular but innervated
high rate of regeneration

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17
Q

2 surfaces of epithelial tissue

A

-apical (upper, free) surface
-basal (lower, attached) surface

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18
Q

may bear microvilli (e.g., brush border of intestinal lining) or cilia (e.g., lining of trachea)

A

apical surface

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19
Q

faces the lumen (inside of a hollow organ)

A

apical surface

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20
Q

is adjacent to the underlying tissue.

A

basal surface

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21
Q

How many layers does simple epithelium have?

A

1

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22
Q

How many layers does stratified epithelium have?

A

2 or more

23
Q

Classification of Epithelia

A

Squamous
Cuboidal
Columnar

24
Q

single layer of flattened cells with disc-shaped central nuclei
and sparse cytoplasm; the simplest of the epithelia.

A

Simple squamous epithelium

25
Q

function of Simple squamous epithelium

A

allows passage of materials by diffusion and filtration
in sites where protection is not nimportant; secretes lubricating substances in serosae.

26
Q

location of Simple squamous epithelium

A

Kidney glomeruli; air sacs of lungs; lining of heart, blood vessels, and lymphatic vessels; lining of ventral body cavity (serosae).

27
Q

description of simple squamous epithelium

A

single layer of flattened cells with disc-shaped central nuclei
and sparse cytoplasm; the simplest of the epithelia.

28
Q

Description of Simple cuboidal epithelium

A

single layer of cubelike cells with large, spherical central nuclei

29
Q

function of simple cuboidal epithelium

A

secretion and absorption

30
Q

location of simple cuboidal epithelium

A

Kidney tubules; ducts and secretory portions of small glands; ovary surface.

31
Q

description of simple columnar epithelium

A

single layer of tall cells with round to oval nuclei; some cells
bear cilia; layer may contain mucus secreting unicellular glands (goblet cells).

32
Q

function of simple columnar epithelium

A

Absorption; secretion of mucus, enzymes, and other substances; ciliated type propels mucus (or reproductive cells) by ciliary action.

33
Q

location of simple columnar epithelium

A

Nonciliated type lines most of the digestive tract (stomach to anal canal), gallbladder, and excretory ducts of some glands; ciliated variety lines small bronchi, uterine tubes, and some regions of the uterus

34
Q

Description of Pseudostratified columnar epithelium

A

single layer of cells with differing heights some not reaching
the free surface; nuclei seen at different levels; may contain mucussecreting cells and bear cilia.

35
Q

Function of Pseudostratified columnar epithelium

A

secretion, particularly of mucus; propulsion of mucus by
ciliary action.

36
Q

Location of Pseudostratified columnar epithelium

A

Nonciliated type in male’s sperm-carrying ducts and ducts of
large glands; ciliated variety lines the trachea, most of the upper respiratory tract.

37
Q

Description of Stratified squamous epithelium

A

thick membrane composed of several cell layers; basal cells are cuboidal or columnar and metabolically active; surface
cells are flattened (squamous); in the keratinized type, the surface cells are full of keratin and dead; basal cells are active in mitosis and produce the cells of the more superficial layers.

38
Q

Function of Stratified squamous epithelium

A

protects underlying tissues in areas subjected to abrasion

39
Q

Location of Stratified squamous epithelium

A

Nonkeratinized type forms the moist linings of the esophagus, mouth, and vagina; keratinized variety
forms the epidermis of the skin, a dry membrane

40
Q

Stratified Cuboidal Epithelia

A

•Quite rare in body
•Found in some sweat and mammary glands
•Typically two cell layers thick

41
Q

Stratified Columnar Epithelium

A

•Limited distribution in body
•Small amounts in pharynx, male urethra, and lining some glandular ducts
•Also occurs at transition areas between two other types of epithelia

42
Q

Description of Transitional epithelium

A

resembles of stratified squamous and stratified cuboidal; basal cells cuboidal or columnar; surface cells dome shaped or squamouslike, depending on degree of organ stretch.

43
Q

Function of Transitional epithelium

A

stretches readily and permits distension of urinary organ
by contained urine.

44
Q

Location of Transitional epithelium

A

Lines the ureters, urinary bladder, and part of the urethra.

45
Q

Connective tissue is the most ______________and ______________ distributed tissue type.

A

abundant; widely

46
Q

Four classes of connective tissue

A

•connectice tissue proper
•cartilage
•bone tissue
•blood

47
Q

subclasses of connective tissue proper

A

loose connective tissue
dense connective tissue

48
Q

types of loose connective tissue

A

areolar
adipore
reticular

49
Q

types of dense connective tissue

A

regular
irregular
elastic

50
Q

types of bone tissue

A

compact bone
spongy bone

51
Q

Major Functions of Connective Tissue

A

binding and support
protection
insulation
transportation (blood)

52
Q

Characteristics of Connective Tissue

A

Connective tissues have:
- varying degrees of vascularity
- Cells separated by non-living extracellular matrix

53
Q

Structural Elements of Connective Tissue

A

ground substance
cells
fibers

ANAPHY AND PHYSIOLOGY (3 decks)

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