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ANAPHY AND PHYSIOLOGY > TISSUE (LEC) > Flashcards

TISSUE (LEC) Flashcards

1
Q

are collections of structurally similar cells with related functions

A

Tissues

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2
Q

The four primary tissues are
__________, _________,
__________, and _________ tissues.

A

epithelial, connective, muscle, nervous

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3
Q

Function of Nervous tissue

A

Internal communication

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4
Q

Location of Nervous Tissue

A

Brain, spinal cord, and nerves

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5
Q

Function of Muscle Tissue

A

Contracts to cause movement

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6
Q

Location of Muscle Tissue

A

•Muscles attached to bones (skeletal)
•Muscles of heart (cardiac)
•Muscles of walls of hollow organs (smooth)

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7
Q

Function of Epithelial Tissue

A

Forms boundaries between different environments, protects, secretes, absorbs, filters

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8
Q

Location of Epithelial tissue

A

Skin surface (epidermis)
Lining of GI tract organs and other hollow organs

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9
Q

Function of Connective Tissue

A

Supports, protects, binds other tissues together

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10
Q

Location of Connective Tissue

A

Bones
Tendons
Fat and other soft padding tissue

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11
Q

Epithelial tissue is the ________, _______, and ________ tissue of
the body.

A

covering, lining and glandular

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12
Q

Two main types of Epithelium (by location)

A
  • Covering and lining epithelia
  • Glandular epithelia
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13
Q

where to find Covering and lining epithelia

A

On external and internal surfaces

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14
Q

where to find Glandular epithelia

A

Secretory tissue in glands

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15
Q

Cells have ____________.

A

polarity

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16
Q

Special characteristics of Epithelial Tissue

A

1.Cells have polarity
2.Are composed of closely packed cells
3.Supported by a connective tissue reticular lamina
4.avascular but innervated
high rate of regeneration

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17
Q

2 surfaces of epithelial tissue

A

-apical (upper, free) surface
-basal (lower, attached) surface

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18
Q

may bear microvilli (e.g., brush border of intestinal lining) or cilia (e.g., lining of trachea)

A

apical surface

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19
Q

faces the lumen (inside of a hollow organ)

A

apical surface

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20
Q

is adjacent to the underlying tissue.

A

basal surface

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21
Q

How many layers does simple epithelium have?

A

1

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22
Q

How many layers does stratified epithelium have?

23
Q

Classification of Epithelia

A

Squamous
Cuboidal
Columnar

24
Q

single layer of flattened cells with disc-shaped central nuclei
and sparse cytoplasm; the simplest of the epithelia.

A

Simple squamous epithelium

25
function of Simple squamous epithelium
allows passage of materials by diffusion and filtration in sites where protection is not nimportant; secretes lubricating substances in serosae.
26
location of Simple squamous epithelium
Kidney glomeruli; air sacs of lungs; lining of heart, blood vessels, and lymphatic vessels; lining of ventral body cavity (serosae).
27
description of simple squamous epithelium
single layer of flattened cells with disc-shaped central nuclei and sparse cytoplasm; the simplest of the epithelia.
28
Description of Simple cuboidal epithelium
single layer of cubelike cells with large, spherical central nuclei
29
function of simple cuboidal epithelium
secretion and absorption
30
location of simple cuboidal epithelium
Kidney tubules; ducts and secretory portions of small glands; ovary surface.
31
description of simple columnar epithelium
single layer of tall cells with round to oval nuclei; some cells bear cilia; layer may contain mucus secreting unicellular glands (goblet cells).
32
function of simple columnar epithelium
Absorption; secretion of mucus, enzymes, and other substances; ciliated type propels mucus (or reproductive cells) by ciliary action.
33
location of simple columnar epithelium
Nonciliated type lines most of the digestive tract (stomach to anal canal), gallbladder, and excretory ducts of some glands; ciliated variety lines small bronchi, uterine tubes, and some regions of the uterus
34
Description of Pseudostratified columnar epithelium
single layer of cells with differing heights some not reaching the free surface; nuclei seen at different levels; may contain mucussecreting cells and bear cilia.
35
Function of Pseudostratified columnar epithelium
secretion, particularly of mucus; propulsion of mucus by ciliary action.
36
Location of Pseudostratified columnar epithelium
Nonciliated type in male’s sperm-carrying ducts and ducts of large glands; ciliated variety lines the trachea, most of the upper respiratory tract.
37
Description of Stratified squamous epithelium
thick membrane composed of several cell layers; basal cells are cuboidal or columnar and metabolically active; surface cells are flattened (squamous); in the keratinized type, the surface cells are full of keratin and dead; basal cells are active in mitosis and produce the cells of the more superficial layers.
38
Function of Stratified squamous epithelium
protects underlying tissues in areas subjected to abrasion
39
Location of Stratified squamous epithelium
Nonkeratinized type forms the moist linings of the esophagus, mouth, and vagina; keratinized variety forms the epidermis of the skin, a dry membrane
40
Stratified Cuboidal Epithelia
•Quite rare in body •Found in some sweat and mammary glands •Typically two cell layers thick
41
Stratified Columnar Epithelium
•Limited distribution in body •Small amounts in pharynx, male urethra, and lining some glandular ducts •Also occurs at transition areas between two other types of epithelia
42
Description of Transitional epithelium
resembles of stratified squamous and stratified cuboidal; basal cells cuboidal or columnar; surface cells dome shaped or squamouslike, depending on degree of organ stretch.
43
Function of Transitional epithelium
stretches readily and permits distension of urinary organ by contained urine.
44
Location of Transitional epithelium
Lines the ureters, urinary bladder, and part of the urethra.
45
Connective tissue is the most ______________and ______________ distributed tissue type.
abundant; widely
46
Four classes of connective tissue
•connectice tissue proper •cartilage •bone tissue •blood
47
subclasses of connective tissue proper
loose connective tissue dense connective tissue
48
types of loose connective tissue
areolar adipore reticular
49
types of dense connective tissue
regular irregular elastic
50
types of bone tissue
compact bone spongy bone
51
Major Functions of Connective Tissue
binding and support protection insulation transportation (blood)
52
Characteristics of Connective Tissue
Connective tissues have: - varying degrees of vascularity - Cells separated by non-living extracellular matrix
53
Structural Elements of Connective Tissue
ground substance cells fibers

ANAPHY AND PHYSIOLOGY (3 decks)

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