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ANAPHY AND PHYSIOLOGY > INTEGUMENTARY SYSTEM (LEC) > Flashcards

INTEGUMENTARY SYSTEM (LEC) Flashcards

1
Q

-covers the entire body

-has a surface area of 1.2 to 2.2 square meters

-weighs 4–5 kg

-about 7% of total body weight in the average adult

-thickness - 1.5 to 4.0 millimeters

A

Skin

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2
Q

skin has a surface area of

A

1.2 to 2.2 square meters

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3
Q

skin weighs

A

4-5 kg

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4
Q

skin is about what percentage of total body weight in the average adult

A

7%

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5
Q

skin thickness is

A

1.5 to 4.0 millimeters

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6
Q

the skin protects deeper tissues from

A

•Mechanical damage
•Chemical damage
•Bacterial damage
•Thermal damage
•Ultraviolet radiation
•Desiccation

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7
Q

Functions of the skin

A

•Protects deeper tissues from:
- Mechanical damage
- Chemical damage
- Bacterial damage
- Thermal damage
- Ultraviolet radiation
- Desiccation
•Aids in heat regulation
•Aids in excretion of urea and uric acid
•Synthesizes vitamin D

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8
Q

Cells of the Epidermis

A

•Keratinocytes
•Melanocytes
•Dendritic cells
•Tactile cells

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9
Q

produce keratin, the fibrous protein that helps give the epidermis its protective properties

A

Keratinocytes

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10
Q

the fibrous protein that helps give the epidermis its protective properties

A

keratin

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11
Q

most epidermal cells are

A

Keratinocytes

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12
Q

keratinocytes arise from

A

stratum basale

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13
Q

undergo almost continuous mitosis in response to prompting by epidermal growth factor, a peptide produced by various cells throughout the body

A

Keratinocytes

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14
Q

Millions of dead keratinocytes rub off every day, giving us a
totally new epidermis every

A

25 to 45 days

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15
Q

cell production and keratin formation is accelerated in body areas regularly subjected to _____________, such as the hands and feet

A

friction

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16
Q

cell production and keratin formation is accelerated in body areas regularly subjected to friction, such as the

A

hands and feet

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17
Q

the spidershaped epithelial cells that synthesize the pigment melanin

A

Melanocytes

18
Q

melanocytes accumulates in membrane-bound granules called

A

melanosomes

19
Q

are transferred to nearby keratinocytes

A

melanin

20
Q

accumulate on the superficial, or “sunny,” side of the keratinocyte nucleus, forming a pigment shield that protects the nucleus from the damaging effects of ultraviolet (UV) radiation in sunlight

A

melanin granules

21
Q

star-shaped cells that arise from bone marrow and migrate to the epidermis

A

dendritic cells

22
Q

dendritic cells are also called

A

Langerhans cells

23
Q

ingest foreign substances and are key activators of our immune system

A

dendritic cells

24
Q

star-shaped dendritic cells arise from

A

bone narrow

25
Q

present at the epidermal-dermal junction

A

Tactile (Merkel) cells

26
Q

shaped like a spiky hemisphere

A

Tactile (Merkel) cells

27
Q

each tactile cell is intimately associated with a

A

disc-like sensory nerve ending

28
Q

functions as a sensory receptor for touch.

A

Tactile (Merkel) disc

29
Q

Two distinct layers of the skin

A

Epidermis and dermis

30
Q

made up of stratified squamous epithelium, hardened by keratin

A

Epidermis

31
Q

making up the bulk of the skin, is a tough, leathery layer composed mostly of fibrous connective tissue, vascularized

A

Dermis

32
Q

The subcutaneous tissue just deep to the skin is known as the

A

hypodermis

33
Q

Layers of the Epidermis

A

Stratum basale
Stratum spinosum
Stratum granulosum
Stratum lucidum
Stratum corneum

34
Q

deepest epidermal layer

A

Stratum basale

35
Q

consists of a single row of stem cells—a continually renewing cell population

A

Stratum basale

36
Q

a continually renewing cell population

A

stem cells

37
Q

Each time one of these basal cells divides, one daughter cell is pushed into the cell layer just above to begin its specialization into a

A

mature keratinocyte

38
Q

10-25% of cells in the stratum basale are

A

melanocytes

39
Q

contain a weblike system of intermediate filaments, mainly
tension-resisting bundles of pre-keratin filaments, which span their cytosol to attach to desmosomes

A

Stratum spinosum

40
Q

Scattered among the keratinocytes (in stratum spinosum) are

A

melanin granules and dendritic cells

ANAPHY AND PHYSIOLOGY (3 decks)

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