Tissue Ischemia

Question 1

What is the most common cause of hypoxia ?

Answer 1

Ischemia

Question 2

The morphologic changes “lag” after ?

Answer 2

biochemical events.

Question 3

biochemical events before ?

Answer 3

The morphologic changes “lag”

Question 4

What is the Biochemical mechanisms accompanying hypoxia- ischemia model ?

Answer 4

1- ATP depletion
2- Oxidative stress
3- Disturbance of Ca homeostasis
4- Changes in membrane permeability

Question 5

O2 is converted to superoxide (O2•−) by ?

Answer 5

oxidative enzymes

Question 6

O2 •− is converted to H2O2 by ?

Answer 6

Glutathione peroxidase

Question 7

O2- to H2O2 by ?

Answer 7

Antioxidant mechanisms

Question 8

H2O2 to H2O + O2 by ?

Answer 8

Catalase

Question 9

The major antioxidant enzymes :- are ?

Answer 9

superoxide dismutase (SOD)

Question 10

in the Mitochondrial membrane damage release of ?

Answer 10

proteins that trigger apoptotic death.

Question 11

activating apoptotic pathways is by ?

Answer 11

cytochrome c

Question 12

What is the the major protein involved in electron

transport ?

Answer 12

cytochrome c

Question 13

Cell injury may be reversible, result in ?

Answer 13

cell adaptation, or lead to cell death.

Question 14

Biochemical alterations occur prior to ?

Answer 14

morphologic changes.

Question 15

Necrosis is ?

Answer 15

cell murder

Question 16

Apoptosis is ?

Answer 16

programmed cell death or cell suicide

Question 17

injury “dictate” the cellular response depends on ?

Answer 17

1- type
2- duration
3- severity

Question 18

final outcome of cell injury depends on ?

Answer 18

type, state and adaptability