Tissue Healing Rates

Question 1

What are the timeframes of acute, subacute and chronic injuries?

Answer 1

Acute: 0-6 weeks
Subacute: 5-12 weeks
Chronic: 6+ weeks

Question 2

What type of health facilities would subacute patients be referred to?

Answer 2

Rehab centre, palliative care, convalescence

Question 3

When does a scar occur?

Answer 3

When there is more than 33% damage and when it takes longer than 3 weeks to heal

Question 4

What is the normal healing time for skin?

Answer 4

2-3 weeks, stitches out day 7-10, scar management day 10-18 months

Question 5

What are three types of scars?

Answer 5

Normal, hypertrophic, keloid

Question 6

How are muscle tears classified?

Answer 6

Grade 1: Sprain/strain (few fibres)
Grade 2: Disruption (bleeding, dysfunction)
Grade 3: Complete tear, requires surgery

Question 7

What is the acute treatment for Grade 1 & 2 tears?

Answer 7

RICE, gentle mobilisation within first week

Question 8

What does rehab for muscle tears involve?

Answer 8

ROM, stretching, strengthening, core work, coordination work

Question 9

How does lung tissue damage occur?

Answer 9

Infections, chronic inflammation, smoking (emphysema, chronic bronchitis, pulmonary fibrosis)

Question 10

What is the recovery time for ligaments?

Answer 10

4-8 weeks, depending on site and grade

Question 11

What is the recovery time for bone?

Answer 11

6-8 weeks for upper limb, 12 weeks for lower limb

Question 12

What is the recovery time for chrondral cartilage?

Answer 12

6 weeks to never, very unreliable healer

Question 13

What is the recovery time for vessels?

Answer 13

Days-3 weeks

Question 14

What is the recovery time for tendons?

Answer 14

3-18 months

Question 15

What is the recovery time for strength and control/skill?

Answer 15

Strength: 6-8 weeks

Control/skill: 2-4 weeks

Question 16

What are ligaments and tendons made up of?

Answer 16

Collagen bundles with few blood vessels

Question 17

What is the paratendon?

Answer 17

Surrounds the whole tendon, contains most of the blood vessels and nerves

Question 18

What are the 4 stages of bone healing?

Answer 18

1) Hematoma formation
2) Soft callus formation
3) Hard callus formation
4) Bone remodelling

Question 19

What are the variables that affect bone healing time?

Answer 19

Faster healing time: Upper limb, child, non-smoker, pre-menopause
Slower healing time: Lower limb, adult, smoker, elderly

Question 20

What are the two classification systems for chondral lesions?

Answer 20

Outerbridge & International Cartilage Repair Society (ICRS)

Question 21

What are the 6 ICRS grades for chondral lesions?

Answer 21

I: Superficial fissure
II:

Question 22

What tissues have lymphatic supply?

Answer 22

Muscle, blood vessel and brain

Question 23

What tissues have blood and nerve supply?

Answer 23

Muscle, bone, blood vessel, brain

Question 24

What tissues do not have blood, nerve or lymphatic supply?

Answer 24

Ligaments, tendons, chondral cartilage

Question 25

What are the characteristics of a traumatic brain injury?

Answer 25

- Documented loss of consciousness - Amnesia - Skull fracture, post-traumatic seizure, or abnormal brain scan

Question 26

What are the effects of traumatic brain injury?

Answer 26

- Stretching/sheering of axons | - Bleeding, causing high pressure & swelling

Question 27

What are the two stages of traumatic brain injury?

Answer 27

Transient (concussion) and long term damage

Question 28

What measurement tool is used for long term traumatic brain injury?

Answer 28

Glasgow Coma Scale

Question 29

What are the two types of stroke?

Answer 29

Ischaemic: Blood clot (87% of cases) Haemorrhagic: Artery bursts

Question 30

What are the recovery times for transient and long term brain injury?

Answer 30

Transient: Days-weeks | Long term: Weeks-years

Question 31

What are the recovery times for stroke?

Answer 31

Transient: Within 24 hours | Long term: Months-years