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PTA Ortho: Exam 1 > Tissue Healing > Flashcards

Tissue Healing Flashcards

Connective Tissue section in PPT

1
Q

Connective tissue

A

characterized by widely dispersed cells and a large volume of extracellular matrix

ex: bones, bursae, capsule, cartilage, ligaments, tendons, skin

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2
Q

Extracellular matrix

A

the part of connective tissues outside the cells, It comprises almost the entire volume of the tissue and determines the tissues function

  • Fibrous/fibular(collagen fibers & elastin)
  • Ground Substance/ interfibrillar
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3
Q

Cellular (extracellular matrix)

A

-Fibroblasts, fibrocytes
>Basic cell of most connective tissues
>Produce fibers of connective tissues and specialized cells
&raquo_space;Chondroblast, tenoblast etc.

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4
Q

Collagen Fibers (IMPORTANT)

A

-Responsible for strength, stiffness and resistance to tensile forces
>Tensile strength similar to steel

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5
Q

Elastin (IMPORTANT)

A
  • Flexibility and extensibility
  • Found in tissues that need “give”
  • Smaller portion of fibrous component

Intended to stretch? Or be stable?

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6
Q

Types 1 Collagen (important)

A

-90% of all collagen found in tendons, ligaments, joint capsules, synovium, bone
>Strongest type of collagen

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7
Q

Type 2 Collagen (important)

A

mainly in cartilage and intervertebral discs

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8
Q

Type 3 Collagen (important)

A

skin, muscle tendon sheaths

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9
Q

Interfibrillar/Ground Substance

Extracellular Matrix

A 
-Fluid component of tissues; water and proteins
Serves to:
>Reduce friction between fibers
>Form links between collagen fibers
>Resists compressive forces 
>Helps dissipate tensile forces
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10
Q

What does the makeup and orientation of the tissue do/allow?

A

Gives it it’s strength and ability to withstand different forces

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11
Q

Mechanical Behavior of CT

A
  • Dependent on proportions of collagen to elastin and structural orientation
  • Collagen 5 times stronger than elastin
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12
Q

Increased collagen =

A

increased strength and decreased flexibility

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13
Q

Increased elastin =

A

greater flexibility and decreased strength

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14
Q

Parallel orientation of CT

A

-Resists tensile forces in that direction

>Tendon

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15
Q

Random orientation of CT

A

Withstand forces in a variety of directions

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16
Q

Mechanical properties of internal structures will dictate what?

A

how they respond to exercise, ROM, stretching and each tissue is different

  • Forces
  • Stress/Strain Curve
  • Adaptation/Remodeling
17
Q

What are the 3 types of mechanical stress?

A

Compressive
Tensile
Shear

18
Q

Compressive Forces

A

-Two forces that act in line toward each other

> Force applied perpendicular to articulating surface
Weight bearing in LE’s or with muscle contractions
Therapeutically called “joint approximation”

19
Q

Tensile Forces

A

-Two Forces applied in same line but in opposite directions

> Force applied perpendicular to the joint surface
Therapeutically called “distraction”, used in mobilization and ROM activities

“joint distraction”

20
Q

Shear Forces

A

-Forces in opposite directions but not in line with each other

> Force is parallel to the joint surface
When load is applied there will be a combination of approximation and shear
If force applied at an angle and not perpendicular it will add shear
&raquo_space;This can lead to injury

21
Q

Shear additional info—-

A

shear–> One joint surface slides across the surface of another
–> Force is parallel to the joint surface –> can be destructive to joint surfaces because load quickly exceeds the ‘ultimate failure’ point
* significant because if compression force is applied at an angle that is not perpendicular - shear will be added
Shear typically a factor in tissue injury

22
Q

Stress-Strain Curve

A

-Mechanical response of a selected internal structure to a deforming stress can be graphically represented

> Also referred to as load deformation curve
Demonstrates:
-Elasticity
-Plasticity
-Ultimate strength and stiffness of material
-The amount of energy the material can absorb before it fails

23
Q

Stress= (Stress-Strain Curve)

A

magnitude of force or load being applied to internal structure

24
Q

Strain = (Stress-Strain Curve)

A

amount of deformation that occurs to the structure in response to stress applied

25
Q

Load = (Stress-Strain Curve)

A

forces applied to a structure

26
Q

Elastic range (Stress-Strain Curve)

A

structure can return to original shape after deforming load

27
Q

Yield point (Stress-Strain Curve)

A

point between elastic and plastic – where changes from one to the other and tissue can no longer immediately return to original length

28
Q

Plastic range (Stress-Strain Curve)

A

the ability of a structure being loaded to permanently obtain a new length after load is removed

29
Q

Failure point (Stress-Strain Curve)

A

tissue is unable to withstand anymore load without damage

30
Q

Mechanical Failure (injury)[Stress-Strain Curve]

A

-Point where stress is too excessive and reaches a point at which internal structure can’t withstand it

> Fracture, laceration, sprain, strain

Example – stretch
>Load and duration sufficient to see changes in the plastic range to be effective

31
Q

Remodeling (adaptations of bone)

A
  • ongoing process throughout life
  • To adjust to stresses presented in everyday life

Osteoblasts=Bone formation

Osteoclasts=Bone resorption

32
Q

What is Wolff’s Law? (Important)

A
  • the phenomenon that describes the remodeling of bone occurring in response to physical stress
  • Bone will be deposited and align along lines of stress and reabsorbed if little or no stress is present
33
Q

Bone Deposition- Wolff’s Law

important

A

-Developmentally if unable to weight bear will have difficulty maturing sufficiently
>Need weight bearing activities as we grow

-Recovery after fracture
>Bone developed through early
closed chain approximation activities

34
Q

Bone resorption- Wolff’s Law

important

A

-Lack of stress can result in osteoporosis

> Reduction in bone mass sufficient enough to interfere with mechanical support of bone
*use this as support for pt to comply, need to be weight-bearing/Closed chained

PTA Ortho: Exam 1 (16 decks)

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