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Cell biology > Tissue engineering > Flashcards

Tissue engineering Flashcards

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1
Q

What is biocompatibility?

A

A moderate (ideally the absence of) inflamatory response to biomaterials

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2
Q

Why do we need to know a biomaterial mechanical strength?

A

Every cell respond differently to different biomaterial’s mechanical properties

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3
Q

Tissue engineering aims to develop biological substitutes that restore, maintain, or improve tissue function. Are the tissue substitutes identical to the native tissue?

A

No

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4
Q

What do we need to start a tissue engineering project?

A

Cells, scaffold signalling molecules and bioreactor

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5
Q

What are autologous cells?

A

Cells from the same person that needs new cells

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6
Q

What are allogenic cells?

A

Cells from a body from the same species

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7
Q

What are xenogenic cells?

A

Cells from a different species

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8
Q

What are syngenic cells?

A

Cells from a genetically identical person

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9
Q

What are primary cells?

A

Cells from any organism

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10
Q

What are secondary cells?

A

Cells from a cell bank

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11
Q

What are stem cells?

A

Undifferentiated cells

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12
Q

When attempting to grow new tissue, what is the most challenging aspect?

A

To create blood vessels

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13
Q

What is in vitro tissue engineering?

A

The fabrication of tissue outside the body using cells, scaffolds and bioreactor

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14
Q

What is in vivo tissue engineering?

A

The fabrication of tissue inside the body, using the body as a bioreactor

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15
Q

What is in situ tissue engineering?

A

The fabrication of tissue inside the body using the body regenerative capability

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16
Q

All tissues can regenerate?

A

False

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17
Q

All tissues can be engineered?

A

False

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18
Q

Tissues produced in vitro are easily implanted in vivo?

A

False

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19
Q

Tissues produced in vitro are easily remodeled in vivo?

A

False

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20
Q

What is regenerative medicine?

A

Production of tissue in the body by implanting a biomaterials

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21
Q

Is it correct that, in tissue engineering one can evaluate the engineered tissue before impantation?

A

Yes

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22
Q

Is it correct that, in tissue engineering to incorporate the engineered tissue there is a need for remodeling

A

Yes

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23
Q

Is it correct that, in tissue engineering Stress-induced architecture cannot be produced?

A

Yes

24
Q

The engineered tissue benefits from endogenous regulators in regenerative medicine, is that correct?

A

Yes

25
Q

In regenerative medicine, The new tissue is easily disloged, is that correct?

A

Yes

26
Q

In regenerative medicine, the new tissue is easily degraded?

A

Yes

27
Q

The modern approach to build scaffolds, bottom-up instead of top-down, can address a few of the current challenges in tissue engineering. In you own reasoning which one of those challenges is the most important to address?

A

Low vascularization

28
Q

Control the extracellular matrix, control the…

A

…tissue

29
Q

What does the ECM promote?

A

A unique microenvironment that fosters tissue organisation

30
Q

What do we want the scaffold to be like?

A

To be like the extra cellular matrix (ECM)

31
Q

Why is tissue engineering necessary?

A

Most tissues cannot regenerate

Those that can regenerate may not completely do so in large defects

32
Q

Regenerative medicine is …

A

… the use of implants to facilitate formation (regeneration) of tissue in vivo

33
Q

Tissue engineering is done in …

A

vitro

34
Q

Regenerative medicine is done in…

A

vivo

35
Q

Endogeneous regulators are?

A

Those from within the body

36
Q

Stress-induced architecture cannot be produced in vitro (tissue engineering) but can be done in regenerative medicine. What does this include?

A

Bone need mechanical stimulation

37
Q

Examples of tissues that are able to regenerate

A

Skin, cartilage

38
Q

Why is tissue organisation a challenge for tissue engineering?

A

Native tissues have a hierarchy of structure and function

39
Q

We defined three levels of cellular communication. What is level 1?

A

Soluble signals

40
Q

We defined three levels of cellular communication. What is level 2?

A

Cell to cell communication

41
Q

We defined three levels of cellular communication. What is level 3?

A

Soluble signals

42
Q

What is the mantra of biomaterials engineers?

A

Control the extra cellular matrix, control the tissue

43
Q

Why is the control of scaffold fabrication at the nanoscale important?

A

Better interface for cells

44
Q

The central problem in organ regeneration is the regeneration of the …

A

stroma

45
Q

Once the stroma has been regenerated, epithelial tissues regenerate spontaneously and synthesize the…

A

basement membrane

46
Q

What is Organ Printing?

A

A process where an artificial organ can be created using a 3-D printer/bioprinter

47
Q

There is an antagonistic relation between contraction of a wounded site and regeneration at that site, what does that mean?

A 
Scare tissue (repair, contraction) 
Regeneration
48
Q

After injury in a non vascularised tissue, can healing happen?

A

No

49
Q

After injury in a vascularised tissue, can healing happen?

A

Yes

50
Q

What are the possible outcome of the healing process

A

Regeneration or repair (scar)

51
Q

What is the composition of epithelial tissue?

A

100% cellular, no ECM

52
Q

What is the composition of basement membrane?

A

100% ECM, no cells

53
Q

What is the composition of the stroma?

A

Cells, ECM, blood vessels

54
Q

What is the central problem of organ regeneration?

A

The regeneration of the stroma

55
Q

At a wounded site, what is the relation between contraction (scarification) and regeneration?

A

Opposite

56
Q

What is the current theory to induce regeneration?

A

Block contraction and induce tissue synthesis

Cell biology (11 decks)

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