Extentor Flashcards
True or false: After a protein moves through the protein translocator in the outer membrane of the
mitochondria, the protein diffuses in the lumen until it encounters a protein translocator in the
inner membrane.
False: It is always linked to the protein translocator during transport.
True or false: Phosphatases remove the phosphate from GTP on GTP-binding proteins, turning them off.
False. It is hydrolysis that turns it off. Phophatase removes phosphate of kinases.
True or false: In response to a nerve impulse, voltage gated Na+ channels in the presynaptic cell will open and
Na+ ions will enter the cell.
True. Nerve impulse (reached at threshold of – 40mV) will results in opening of Na channels and create
an action potential.
True or false: When an action potential reaches a nerve terminal, it will open voltage-gated Na+ channels,
which will stimulate synaptic vesicles to fuse with the membrane and release their
neurotransmitter into the synaptic cleft.
False. It is a Ca2+ channel.
True or false: In the S-phase of the cell cycle, cells check to determine whether the DNA is fully and correctly
replicated.
False. It is in the G phase.
True or false: This happens in prometaphase of mitosis
- Breakdown of nuclear envelope
- Kinetochore microtubuli attach to kinetochores
- Interpolar microtubuli move the centrosome to opposite directions
- Chromosomes attach to the mitotic spindle via kinetochores + active movement
True
True or false: The smell receptors use the same activation mechanism as the taste receptors for
umami, bitter and salty.
False. Sweet, bitter and umami has G protein coupled receptor. Like olifaction. Salty and sour use ion channels.
Which of the following membrane lipids does not contain a fatty acid tail?
a. phosphatidylcholine
b. a glycolipid
c. phosphatidylserine
d. cholesterol
d. Cholesterol
- 11 Which of the following statements about the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is false?
a. the ER is the major site for new membrane synthesis in the cell
b. proteins to be delivered to the ER lumen are synthesized on the smooth ER
c. steroid hormones are synthesized on the smooth ER
d. the ER membrane is contiguous with the outer nuclear membrane
B is false, proteins are synthesised in RER and lipids in SER.
Which of the following choices best describes the role of the lysosome?
a. transport of material to the Golgi apparatus
b. sorting of transport vesicles
c. clean-up, recycling, and disposal of macromolecules
d. the storage of excess macromolecules
c. Disposal of macromolecules
Progression through the cell cycle requires a cyclin to bind to a Cdk because
a. the cyclins are the molecules with the enzymatic activity in the complex
b. the binding of a cyclin to Cdk is required for Cdk enzymatic activity
c. cyclin binding inhibits Cdk activity until the appropriate time in the cell cycle
d. without cyclin binding, a cell-cycle checkpoint will be activated
b. the binding of a cyclin to Cdk is required for Cdk enzymatic activity
- 14 What is the immediate effect of a photon on the structure of 11-cis retinal?
a. the molecule is released from the protein rhodopsin
b. the molecule is converted to the all-trans retinal
c. the molecule is converted from an aldehyde to an alcohol (retinol)
d. the structure is not changed but accepts electrons
b. the molecule is converted to the all-trans retinal
True or false: p53 is an example of an oncogene.
FALSE tumor suppressor gene: normally prevents cancer, recessive mutation creates
cancer – loss of function. P53 binds to p21 gene which encodes a CDK-inhibitor – cell goes
in arrest
True or false: There are three major classes of membrane lipid molecules: phospholipids, sterols
and glycolipids.
TRUE membrane Is a bilayer composed of lipids and proteins.
True or false: Second messengers are signalling molecules that bind to cell-surface receptor
proteins.
FALSE second mess are present in the cell (intracellular molecules) and can not bind on
the cell-surface receptor; example sec messengers: cAMP, IP3, DAG, Ca2+
True or false: The capsaicin receptor is an ion channel that reacts both on heat and a mechanical
stimulus.
FALSE: activated by heat and chemical stimulus i.e. capsaicin
True or false: Actin filaments are part of the cytoskeleton: they are rope like fibres that give
mechanical strength to the cell.
FALSE: intermediate filaments strengthen the cell and is distributing mechanical stress in
an epithelial tissue; actin filaments are like a twisted necklace, thinner than intermediate
filaments and important in forming bundles and networks (usually linked to other
structure; example muscle)