Tissue Damage, Inflammation and Repair - Lecture 2 Flashcards
What are the physical characteristics of inflammation?
Redness (Rubor) Heat (Calor) Swelling Pain (dolor) Loss of function
What is Necrosis?
Premature death of cells and living tissue
- caused by external factors
What causes Necrosis?
Infections Toxins Trauma Extremes of Temperature Radiotherapy Chemotherapeutic agents
What is Apoptosis?
The process of programmed cell death death - requires an energy source
What does Resolution of tissues mean?
This means the complete restoration of tissues to normal after an episode of acute inflammation
What is healing by resolution?
This is restitution with no/minimal residual defect
What is healing by repair?
Residual defect present
- Fibrosis occurs and scar tissue formed
What is Suppuration?
This is formation of pus
What is pus composed of?
Living cells Dying cells Dead Neutrophils Cellular debris Bacteria
What does accumulation of pus form?
An Abscess
What is Organisation of tissues?
Replacement of tissue by granulation tissue
What favours the formation of granulation tissue?
Lagre amount of fibrin
Substantial Necrosis
Exudate and debris cannot be removed
What are the predominant features in repair?
Angiogenesis - new blood cell formation
Fibroblast Proliferation - Connect tissue formation
Collagen Synthesis - Formation of scars
What are the repair processes controlled by?
Growth factors
What causes Chronic Inflammation?
Persistent acute Inflammation due to on-degradable pathogens
Viral Infection
Persistent foreign bodies
Autoimmune reactions
What are the cells involved in Chronic inflammation?
Monocytes Macrophages Lymphocytes Plasma Cells Fibroblasts
What are the cells involved in
Neutrophils Basophils Eosinophils Monocytes Macrophages
What is the onset of Acute Inflammation?
Immediate
What is the onset of Chronic Inflammation?
Delayed
