Tissue Architecture

Question 1

3 Main cytoskeleton filaments in cells

Answer 1

1) Intermediate
2) Microtubules
3) Microfilaments

Question 2

Characteristics of Intermediate Filaments

Answer 2

• tensile strength
• form mesh network around nucleus (nuclear lamina)
• anchored to plasma membrane
• rope-like properties

Question 3

Progeria

Answer 3

Accelerated aging due to unstable intermediate filaments

Question 4

Characteristics of Microtubules

Answer 4

-cell organization
-cell division
-hollow tubs with heterodimer subunit
-

Question 5

Tublin normally grows from which end?

Answer 5

The positive end, anchors from negative side

Question 6

Taxol

Answer 6

Drug that affects Microtubules by binding to Microtubules and stabilizing (prevents cell segmentation)

Question 7

Colchicine

Answer 7

Binds to microtubular dimers to prevent polymerization

Question 8

Vinblastine

Answer 8

Binds to microtubulin dimers to prevent polymeriztion

Question 9

Characteristics of microfilaments

Answer 9

Responsible for cell movement (locomotion, phagocytosis, cell division, contraction of muscles)

• structural polarity.
• twisted polymer of g-actin (ADP—>ATP cycle)

Question 10

Phalloidin (found in death cap mushrooms)

Answer 10

Binds and stabalize actin filaments

Question 11

Cytochalasin

Answer 11

Caps actin filament + ends to stop polymerization

Question 12

Latrunculin

Answer 12

Binds actin monomers to prevent polymerization

Question 13

Characteristics of Collagen

Answer 13

28 types, trimeric proteins with lots of proline

Question 14

Scurvy

Answer 14

Occurs when there is a loss of co-factor (Fe, Ascorbate[vitC]), causes proline to not be hydrolyzed

Question 15

EDS occurs when?

Answer 15

Defect in collagen synthesis… increased elasticity, weakens connective quality of connective tissues, bones, blood vessels, and organs

Question 16

What are the 4 main cell connection/junctions?

Answer 16

1) Anchoring junctions
2) Occluding junctions
3) Chanel-forming junctions
4) Signal relaying junctions

Question 17

Cell Adhesion Molecules (CAMs)

Answer 17

Have 3 Domains (Extracellular, Transmembrane, and Cytoplasmic)

Question 18

Name the 4 major CAM families

Answer 18

1) Cadherins
2) Ig Superfamily CAMs (NCAM)
3) Integrins
4) selecting

Question 19

Cadherins

Answer 19

Calcium dependent
-Can be used as biomarkers to identify metastatic tumors (increased N-Cad and decreased E-cad reflects level of invasiveness)

Question 20

Ig Superfamily CAMS

Answer 20

Calcium INDEPENDENT

• facilitate immune cell interactions
• majority exist in blood vessels
• MADCAM exists in mucus
• Involved in recognition binding or adhesion process of cells

Question 21

Integrins

Answer 21

• Beta 2 family allow for adhesion and transmigration to infection sites (leukocytes)
• can activate cell signaling pathways
• Couples ECM to cytoskeleton (collagen, fibronectin, laminin

Question 22

Selectins

Answer 22

Host defense
WBC act as ligand
-leukocyte “rolling”
-Calcium dependent