Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

MCM Exam 2 > Tissue Architecture > Flashcards

Tissue Architecture Flashcards

1
Q

Why are cytoskeletons dynamic and adaptable?

A

Can disassemble, diffuse, and reassemble elsewhere

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What forms of cytoskeleton filaments are thermally stable?

A

Multiple protofilaments

Single protofilament are not thermally stable

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What filaments are resistant to stretching forces?

A

Intermediate filaments

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What are the main components of cytoskeletal filaments?

A

Intermediate filaments

Microtubules

Microfilaments

Associated proteins

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Mesh-like structure made up of intermediate filaments.

A

Nuclear lamina

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Fuctions of intermediate filaments

A

Form a network throughout the cytoplasm and surround the nucleus

Rope-like properties give high tensile strength

Often further stabilized by accessory proteins

– Cross-link filaments into bundles

– Link to microtubules, actin filaments, and cell-junctions

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What intermediate filament is found in epithelial cells?

A

Keratin filaments

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What intermediate filament is found in connective tissue cells, muscle cells, and glial cells?

A

Vimentin and vimentin-related filaments

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What intermediate filament is found in nerve cells?

A

Neurofilaments

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What is the nuclear intermediate filament?

A

Nuclear lamins

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Functions of microtubules

A

Provide tracks for transport vesicles

Mitotic Spindle formation

Cilia and Flagella

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Binds and stabilizes microtubules

A

taxol

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Binds tubulin dimers and prevents polymerization.

A

Colchicine, colcemid, vinblastine, vincristine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What is F actin composed of?

A

Twisted polymer of G-actin (globular) that has structural polarity

Many must be in association with other proteins to be stable

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Binds and stabilizes actin filaments

A

Phalliodin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Caps actin filament plus end, preventing polymerization there

A

Cytochaslin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Binds actin monomoers and prevents polymerization

A

Latrunculin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

How can actin filaments be modified when bonded to other proteins?

A

Stabilize

Strengthened

Cross-linked

Organizes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What are some extracellular proteins?

A

Perlecan

Sheet formin collagen (IV)

Fibrillar collagen (I,II,III)

Lamninin

Fibronectin

Nidogen/entactin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Main structural protein in ECM/connective tissue and basal laminae.

A

Collagen

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

How do collagen types differ?

A

28 types

Homotrimers

Heterotrimers

Form collagenous triple helix

Can be fibers, sheets, or transmembrane structures

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Where is the precollagen prepared for secretion

A

Secretory Vesicles

23
Q

Scurvy is caused by loss of what cofactors

A

Ascorbate or Iron

24
Q

Disease caused by defects in collagen or enzymes contributing to synthesis.

A

Ehlers-Danlos Syndrom

Weakens connective tissue in the skin, bones, blood vessels, and organs

25
Links cells to extracellular matrix, or basil lamina
Focal Contacts
26
What are the four classes of Cell Adhesion Molecules
Cadherins (e-cadherins) Ig-superfamily CAMs (NCAM) Integrins (avB3) Selectins (P-selectins
27
What are the common aspects of cadherins?
**Ca2+ dependent adhesion molecule** – Important in formation of junctions between cells (epithelial “sheets”) such as desmosomes and adherens junctions – Homophilic interactions (extracelluar) – Interact with cytoskeleton (actin)
28
What are classic cadherins?
Cytoplasmic domain interacts with beta-catenin, alpha-catenin, and p120 Linked to the actin cytoskeleton Associated with adherens junctions
29
What are the classic cadherin examples listed?
E-cadherin (epitheilial) VE-cadherin- (vascular-endothial) N-cadherin- (neural)
30
What are atypical cadherins?
Function without interaction with catenins or a link to the actin cytoskeleton.
31
Example of an atypical cadherin.
LI-cadherin - liver-intestine cadherin
32
How can Cadherin serve in the detection of metastatic tumors?
**Epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT)** In bladder cancer, a decreased E-cadherin and increased N-cadherin can mark metastasis.
33
Family of more than 25 Calcium-independent transmembrane glycoproteins that are involved in immune cell interactions.
Ig Superfamily CAMS
34
What type of bonding does the Ig Superfamily participate in? What is the function of this binding?
Homophilic and heterophilic binding Involved in recognition, binding, or adhesion processes of cells
35
Contain a variable number of immunoglobulin-like domains. Expressed on vascular endothelial cells and bind to various integrin molecules.
ICAM, VCAM-1, PECAM-1, NCAM the NP does IV
36
Contain Ig-like and mucin-like domains Expressed on mucosal endothelium to direct lymphocyte entry into mucosa.
MAdCAM-1
37
What are selectins and what are their roles?
Family of calcium-dependent glycoproteins **Bind to extracellular carbohydrates** **Play important roles in host defense mechanism**
38
How do selectins play a role in the host defense mechanism?
I**ncreased presentation during** **local** **inflammatory response** WBC surface markers include carbohydrates which act as ligands for selectins **Low-affinity of selectins** to ligands allows for **leukocyte “rolling”** during leukocyte adhesion cascade
39
What are the types of selectins?
Endothelial (E)-selectin Leukocyte (L)-selectin Platelet (P)-selectin
40
How many integrins are there?
15 α and 8β subunits form over 20 heterodimeric integrins
41
Functions of integrins
Couple the extracellular matrix to cell cytoskeleton Can activate signaling pathways Cell-Cell interactions via β2 family
42
How do integrins activate signaling pathways
Interactions with **receptor tyrosine kinase** Take part in regulating growth, division, survival, differentiation, apoptosis
43
B2 Integrins are important for cell-to-cell interactions for what?
On leukocytes they allow for adhesion and transmigration to sites of infection.
44
What important molecule is synthesized in the RER for collagen production?
RER = Synthesis of precollagen
45
Where does hydroxylation of proline and lysine, glycosylation of select hydroxylysine residues of precollagen occur?
The Endoplasmic Reticulum
46
Where does self-assembly of the trimeric molecule of precollagen occur?
Golgi Apparatus and ER
47
How does self-assembly of the trimeric molecule of collagen occur?
With sulfide bonds initiating it in the c-terminus.
48
Where is precollagen cleaved to collagen?
In the extracellular environment
49
Describe the movement of microfilaments.
Faster movement on the postive end. dissociation or slower growing of the negative end
50
What role does gamma tubulin play in microtubules?
Nucleation of the minus end provides area from which microtubules can grown
51
What three chains make up collagen?
3 alpha chains total 2 alpha1 1 alpha2
52
Vitamin C is a cofactor of what?
Prolyl hydroxylase, which hydroxylates collegen
53
4 cell connections and junctions
Anchoring Occlluding - maintain cell polarity Channel-forming Signal-relaying
54
4 types of Anchoring junctions
Adherens junctions Desmosomes Hemidesmosomes Focal, fibrillar, and Ad adhesions

MCM Exam 2 (14 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions