TISSUE Flashcards
A MICROSCOPIC
ANATOMY OF
INDIVIDUAL TISSUES
CONSIST OF CELLS
AND EXTRACELLUAR
MATERIAL THAT
HAVE A PARTICULAR
FUNCTION
HISTOLOGY
UNSPECIALIZED OR UNDIFFERNTIATED
CELLS
MAY DIVIDED TO PRODUCE MORE OR MAY DIFFERENTIATE TO BECOME
SPECIALIZED CELLS OF THE BODY SUCH AS
NEURAL TISSUE OR BLOOD
STEM
CELLS
CONTAIN MANY
STEMS (HUMAN EMBRYONIC STEM CELLS)
DEVELOPING EMBRYOS
STEM CELL FUNCTION
ADULT STEM CELLS: REPAIR OLD/DAMAGE
TISSUE TO GENERATE NEW CELLS SUCH AS
BLOO
BENIFITS OF STEM CELL
USE TO CURE
DISEASES
PARKINSON’S
DISEASE
NEURAL INJURY
TISSUE REPAIR IN
BURN
USE TO
REGENERATE
WBC FOR
LEUKEMIA
4 PRIMARY TISSUE
EPITHELIAL
CONNECTIVE
MUSCULAR
NERVOUS
TYPES OF EPITHELIUM
SIMPLE AND STRATIFIED, TRANSITIONAL, PSUEDOSTRATIFIRD
CHARACTERISTIC OF EPITHELIA TISSUE
HIGHLY CELLULAR
TISSUE (COMPOSE MOSTLY OF CELLS)
FUNCTION OF EPI
COVERS THE LINE PART OF THE BODY
ADHERES TO UNDERLYING STRUCTURES SUCH
AS BASEMENT MEMBRANE
ONE CELL LAYER THICK
CELLS LOCATED ON THE
BASEMENT MEMBRANE
ADHERE TO THE
CONNECTIVE TISSUE,
MUSCLE AND ANOTHER
EPITHELIAL TISSUE
SIMPLE EPITHELIAL
SKIN
CAPILLARY WALLS
GLOMERULI
PERICARDIAL LINING
PLEURAL LINING, PERITONEAL CAVITY LINING,
AND ALVEOLAR LINING.
SIMPLE SQUAMOUS EPITHELIAL
DIGESTIVE
TRACT
INCLUDING
THE
STOMACH,
AND
INTESTINES
SIMPLE COLUMNAR EPITHELIAL
GLANDULAR
(SECRETING) TISSUE
AND KIDNEY TUBULES
SIMPLE CUBOIDAL EPITHELIAL
INTERNAL SURFACE
OF THE UPPER
RESPIRATORY
TRACT, INCLUDING
NASAL PASSAGES
AND THE LOWER
RESPIRATORY
TRACT, INCLUDING
THE TRACHEA AND
THE BRONCHI
PSUEDOSTRATIFIED COLUMNAR EPI
THE EPITHELIAL
CELLS OCCUR IN THE
LAYER OF BASEMENT
MEMBRANE
LAYERS OF CELLS
STRATIFIED EPITHELIUM
PROTECT FROM ABRASION, CHEMICAL ATTACK AND PATHOGEN
STRATIFIED SQUAMOUS EPITHELIUM
STRETCH READILY AND PERMITS DISTENSION OF URINARY ORGAN BY CONTAINING URINE
TRANSITIONAL EPITHELIUM
TYPES OF MUSCLE TISSUE
SKELETAL, SMOOTH, CARDIAC
INVOLUNTARY
STRAIGHT
MULTI NUCLEATED
TUBULAR
SKELETAL
SPINDLE SHAPE, UNNUCLEATED, NON STRAIGHT
SMOOTH
UNNUCLEATED, BRANCHES, STRAIGHTED
CARDIAC
MOST ABUNDANT, WILDSPREAD, ALL OVER THE BODY
CONNECTIVE TISSUE
BIND STRUCTURE TOGETHER, HOLD THE ORGAN IN PLACE, AND SEPARATED
LOOSE / AEREORAL
TYPES OF CONNECTIVE TISSUE
BLOOD, LOOSE, ADIPOSE, CARTILAGE, BONES, AND DENSE
STORAGE SITE FOR LIPIDS AND FATS, ACT AS INSULATING LAYER THAT AIDS FOR BODY TEMPERTURE
ADIPOSE
HELPS TO CONNECT ONE PART OF THE BODY TO ANOTHER, TRANSPORTATION OF SUBSTANCES, FIGHT FOR INFECTION AND AIDS IN TISSUE REPAIR
BLOOD
3 TYPED OF CARTILAGE TISSUE
HYALINE
ELASTIC
FIBROUS
2 TYPED OF BONE TISSUE
CANCELLOUS/ SPONGY
COMPACT/ CORTICAL
: Specialized cells embedded in the matrix.
Bone Cells (Osteocytes)
Composed mostly of intercellular material.
Matrix:
: Specialized cells embedded in the matrix.
Cartilage Cells (Chondrocytes)
Specialized cells embedded in the matrix.
Tendon Cells (Fibroblasts):
Provide strength and support within the matrix.
Protein Fibers:
The fibers consist of long protein molecules that are embedded in the ground substance. They are produced by the tissue cells which are themselves contained within the matrix.
Collagen Fibers
is described as an amorphous (shapeless or formless), extracellular material which serves as a diffusion medium in the spaces around the cells and fibers. It plays a major role in determining the physical nature of a connective tissue.
Ground substance
Elastin molecules form protein fibers which have a yellowish or ivory color to the unaided eye, so we call them “yellow fibers.” In tissue, the elastin molecules often form large “web-like” structures. Elastic fibers are highly elastic and more flexible than collagen. However, they have much less tensile strength.
Elastin Fibers
Ground substance can range in consistency from liquid, as in blood,
where the matrix is “plasma” and the ground substance is actually dilute saltwater, to gel-like, as in cartilage, or to solid, as in bone.
are cross-linked together to form rubberlike, elastic fibers. Each elastin molecule uncoils into a more extended conformation when the fiber is stretched and will recoil spontaneously as soon as the stretching force is relaxed.
Elastin Polypeptide Chains
Elastin polypeptide chains
Young Skin vs. Aged Skin
Young Skin: Contains abundant collagen and elastin fibers, fibroblasts, and hyaluronic acid, contributing to its elasticity and firmness.
Aged Skin: Shows reduced collagen and elastin fibers, fewer fibroblasts, and decreased hyaluronic acid, leading to wrinkles and sagging.
