INTEGUMENTARY SYS

Question 1

*THE SKIN AND
ASSOCIATED
STRUCTURES
SUCH AS HAIR,
NAILS AND
VARIOUS GLANDS

Answer 1

INTEGUMENTARY SYS.

Question 2

FUNCTION OF EPIDERMIS

Answer 2

• PREVENTS WATER LOSS AND THE
  ENTRY OF CHEMICALS AND
  MICROORGANISMS
• PROTECTS AGAINST ABRASION AND
  HARMFUL EFFECTS OF ULTRAVIOLET
  LIGHT

Question 3

• SUPERFICIAL PART OF SKIN;
  STRATIFIED SQUAMOUS EPITHELIUM
• COMPOSED OF FOUR OR FIVE STRATA
• PRODUCES VITAMIN D
• GIVES RISE TO HAIR, NAILS, AND
  GLANDS

Answer 3

EPIDERMIS

Question 4

• MOST SUPERFICIAL STRATUM OF THE EPIDERMIS;
• 25 OR MORE LAYERS OF DEAD SQUAMOUS CELLS
• PROVIDES STRUCTURAL STRENGTH DUE TO KERATIN WITHIN
  CELLS
• PREVENTS WATER LOSS DUE TO LIPIDS SURROUNDING CELLS
• SLOUGHING OFF OF MOST SUPERFICIAL CELLS RESISTS
  ABRASION

Answer 4

STRATUM CORNEUM

Question 5

• TWO TO FIVE LAYERS OF FLATTENED, DIAMONDSHAPED CELLS
• PRODUCES KERATOHYALIN GRANULES
• LAMELLAR BODIES RELEASE LIPIDS FROM CELLS;
  CELLS DIE

Answer 5

STRATUM GRANULOSUM

Question 6

*THREE TO FIVE LAYERS OF DEAD CELLS
*APPEARS TRANSPARENT
*PRESENT IN THICK SKIN (PALM OF HANDS AND
SOLE OF FOOT), ABSENT IN MOST THIN SKIN

Answer 6

STRATUM LUCIDUM

Question 7

*A TOTAL OF 8-10 LAYERS OF MANY-SIDED
CELLS
*PRODUCES KERATIN FIBERS
*LAMELLAR BODIES FORM INSIDE
KERATINOCYTES

Answer 7

STRATUM SPINOSUM

Question 8

• DEEPEST STRATUM OF THE EPIDERMIS
• AKA STRATUM GERMINATIVUM
• SINGLE LAYER OF CUBOIDAL OR COLUMNAR CELLS
• BASEMENT MEMBRANE OF THE EPIDERMIS ATTACHES TO THE DERMIS
• PRODUCES CELLS OF THE MOST SUPERFICIAL STRATA; MELANOCYTES PRODUCE
  AND CONTRIBUTE MELANIN, WHICH PROTECTS AGAINST ULTRAVIOLET LIGHT
• PROLIFERATION OF KERATINOCYTES

Answer 8

STRATUM BASALE

Question 9

CELLS FOUND IN THE EPIDERMIS

Answer 9

*KERATINOCYTES
*MELANOCYTES
*LANGERHANS
CELLS
*MERKEL CELLS

Question 10

• THE PROCESS OF KERATINIZATION IN
  HUMAN SKIN IS NECESSARY TO FORM A
  SHELL-LIKE, NON-LIVING PROTECTIVE
  COVERING OVER THE BODY.

Answer 10

KERATINIZATION

Question 11

➢PRODUCE THE
PIGMENT MELANIN
VIA MELANOSOMES,
WHICH CONTRIBUTES
TO SKIN COLOR.
➢FOUND IN STRATUM
BASALE

Answer 11

*MELANOCYTES

Question 12

➢PART OF IMMUNE SYSTEM.
➢ARE A UNIQUE POPULATION
OF TISSUE-RESIDENT
MACROPHAGES THAT FORM
A NETWORK OF CELLS
ACROSS THE EPIDERMIS OF
THE SKIN, BUT WHICH HAVE
THE ABILITY TO MIGRATE
FROM THE EPIDERMIS TO

Answer 12

LANGERHANS CELL

Question 13

➢SPECIALIZED CELLS IN
THE SKIN THAT ARE
IMPORTANT FOR
PROPER NEURAL
ENCODING OF LIGHT
TOUCH STIMULI.
➢CONFLICTING
EVIDENCE SUGGESTS
THAT THESE CELLS ARE
LINEALLY DESCENDED
FROM EITHER THE SKIN
OR THE NEURAL CREST.
➢FROM STRATUM
BASALE

Answer 13

MERKELL’S CELL

Question 13

SKIN COLOR DETERMINANTS

Answer 13

1.PIGMENTS OF THE SKIN
2.BLOOD CIRCULATING THROUGH THE
SKIN
3.THICKNESS OF STRATUM CORNEUM

Question 14

DISEASES AND
DISORDERS
OF
INTEGUMENTARY
SYSTEM

Answer 14

BIRTH
MARK

RING
WORM/
TINEA

ECZEMA
/DERMATITIS

FROSTBITE

PSORIASIS
VITILIGO
ALOPECIA
AREATA
SKIN
CANCER

IMPETIGO
ERYSIPELAS
DECUBITUS
ULCER OR
BEDSORES

ACNE

RUBELLA
GERMAN
MEASLES

SHINGLES

FEMALE
GENITAL
HERPES
MALE
GENITAL
HERPES

Question 15

1. PRODUCE BY MELANOCYTES
2. GROUP OF PIGMENTS PRIMARILY RESPONSIBLE
   FOR SKIN, HAIR, AND EYE COLOR
3. LARGE AMOUNTS OF MELANIN ARE FOUND IN
   CERTAIN REGIONS OF THE SKIN, SUCH AS
   FRECKLES, MOLES, THE NIPPLES, THE AREOLAE OF
   THE BREASTS, THE AXILLAE, AND THE GENITALIA
4. OTHER AREAS OF THE BODY, SUCH AS THE LIPS,
   PALMS OF THE HANDS, AND SOLES OF THE FEET,
   CONTAIN LESS MELANIN.

Answer 15

MELANIN

Question 16

3. MELANIN ALSO PROVIDES PROTECTION AGAINST
   ULTRAVIOLET LIGHT FROM THE SUN

Answer 16

ME;ANIN FUNCTION

Question 17

DISORDER

Answer 17

ALBINISM
ERYTHEMA

JAUNDICE
CAROTENEMIA

Question 18

• AKA SKIN TENSION LINES, LANGER’S LINES
  OR LINES OF CLEAVAGE
• ARE LINEAR CLEFTS IN THE SKIN THAT
  INDICATE THE DIRECTION OF ORIENTATION
  OF THE UNDERLYING COLLAGEN FIBERS.
• F THE SKIN IS DISRUPTED PARALLEL TO THE
  LONG AXIS OF THE FIBERS, THE WOUND
  TENDS TO REAPPROXIMATE

Answer 18

CLEAVAGE
LINE

Question 19

The is the middle layer of the skin housing nerves, glands, essential proteins, enzymes, and blood cells, making it the skin’s “operations” center.

Answer 19

DERMIS

Question 20

Connective tissue layer under the epidermis
Consists of collagen with elastic fibers, reticular fibers, fibroblasts, and other fibrous connective tissue
Has a lot of blood vessels, sweat glands, sebaceous glands, and nerve endings
Piloerector muscles are smooth muscles that contract in response to cold, fear, and touch
Papillary layer is the top of the dermis and is rich in small blood vessels and allows leukocytes to move around
The boundary between the epidermis and dermis is wavy

Answer 20

DERMIS